tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-82602675930765017532023-11-16T14:16:52.165+07:00asal ngeblogsilahkan cari apa yang anda cari, dan semoga yang anda cari ada disini sehingga anda tidak mencari-cari lagi.
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15933882782283422136noreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8260267593076501753.post-79677934005260023092014-05-05T03:24:00.004+07:002014-05-05T03:24:57.073+07:00tokoh falak<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>H. ABDUL SALAM
NAWAWI</u></b><u><br />
</u>oleh: </div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Adi Misbahul Huda</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Lukman</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
H. Abdul Salam
Nawawi adalah sosok seorang ahli falak yang lahir di Pulau Garam Sampang Madura
pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1957 M/20 Muharrom 1377 H. Ia menapak pendidikan formal
Madrasah Ibtidaiyah di Sampang dan selesai pada tahun 1964. Kemudian <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>melanjutkan Studinya di Pendidikan Guru Agama
Negeri (PGAN) yang di selesaikannya pada tahun 1975.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
Dan tidak
hanya di pendidikan formal saja, ia juga menapak pendidikan non-formal di
Pondok Pesantren At Taroqqi Karongan Tanggumung Sampang 1970-1973. Setelah
selesai dari pesantren ia masih haus ilmu terutama ilmu agama. Ia melanjutkan
Studi Agama Islam di Perguruan Tinggi Fakultas Syariah IAIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Dan meraih gelar Sarjana Syariah pada tahun 1984.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
Sebagai seorang
Sarjana lulusan Syariah dan dengan <i>background</i> yang dari Pesantren sangatlah
kental dengan sikap religiusnya. Atas dasar inisiatif sendiri dan bentuk
terimakasih beliau mengabdikan diri untuk mengajar di Almamaternya sendiri dan di
beberapa Perguruan Tinggi yang berada di Jawa Timur. </div>
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<br /></div>
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Sejak tahun
1987-2000 ia berturut-turut menjabat sebagai Pembantu Dekan II. Pembantu Dekan
I, dan Dekan Fakultas Tarbiyah Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya, dan Sekertaris
Jurusan Fakultas Syari’ah IAIN. <span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada
tahun </span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 平成明朝;">2013 s.d. </span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 平成明朝; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">sekarang sebagai<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 平成明朝;">Ketua
Prodi MHI</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 平成明朝;">PPs Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 平成明朝; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">.</span> Pada akhir 1977, ia mengambil Program
Strata 2 di Universitas Islam Malang (UNISMA) yang deselesaikannya pada awal
tahun 2001. Dan ia mendapatkan gelar Doktoral di pascasarjana IAIN Sunan Ampel.
</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
Sosok H. Abdul
Salam Nawawi sangatlah aktif dalam pelbagai Organisasi baik Organisasi yang
berhubungan dengan akademisi atau yang berhubungan langsung dengan
kemasyarakatan. Di lingkungan IAIN Sunan Ampel beliau menjabat sebagai Komisaris
Utama Bank Mini Syariah (2007-skrg), dan Direktur Asuransi Mikro Syariah
(2008-skrg), dan sebagai <span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">penanggungjawab
</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 平成明朝;">Lembaga Bantuan Hukum (LBH) F.
Syariah IAIN Sunan Ampel</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 平成明朝; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> th.2008.</span></div>
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Ditempat kediamannya
beliau aktif dalam Organisasi Kemasyarakatan yakni menjadi Pembina Kajian Islam
Hanif Rewwin Sidoarjo, Pembina Jami’iyah Shalawat Sidi Muhammad Rewwin
Sidoarjo, dan menjadi pembina Masjid ‘Aqoba Rewwin Sidoarjo. Di tengah kesibukannya,
khidmahnya di PWNU Jawa Timur dimulai ketika pada tahun 1992 ia diangkat
sebagai sekretaris Lajnah Falakiyah, kemudian sebagai Wakil Katib Suriyah pada
tahun 1997. Kemudian<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>beliau juga menjadi
Ketua Komisi Pengawas Badan Amil Zakat (BAZ) Jawa Timur.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Disamping
profesi- profesi dan organisasi yang ditekuni, ia juga ahli dalam Ilmu Falak,
yang <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tidak bisa lepas dari kehidupannya.
Dari keahliannya itu sehingga ia di angkat menjadi ketua Badan Hisab Rukyat
Propinsi Jawa Timur.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
Dengan
kemahirannya di bidang falak beliau tidak hanya menjadi ketua Badan Hisab Rukyat
(BHR) akan tetapi juga di angkat menjadi komisi Fatwa MUI Jawa Timur, Sekretaris
Lajnah Falakiyah NU Jawa Timur (1992-1997), Wakil Katib pengurus wilayah NU
Jawa Timur (1997-2002), dan ia menjadi Ketua Lajnah Falakiyah NU Jawa Timur
dalam tiga periode (2002-2007) (2007-2008) dan (2008-2013), Wakil Ketua Lajnah
Falakiyah Pengurus Besar NU (2009-2014). </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
Ia juga aktif
dalam menulis buku maupun jurnal, buku-buku yang telah ditulis olehnya adalah Hisab
Dikalangan NU MUHAMMADIYAH, Ilmu Falak: Hisab Waktu Salat, Arah Kiblat, dan
Awal Bulan Qamariyah (Acuan Data Almanak Nautika), “Tasamuh; Doktrin Tatakrama
Sosial Keberagamaan Islam” dalam Pembangunan Berwawasan Kesalehan: Membersihkan
yang Lahir, Menyucikan Batin, Ilmu Falak: Cara Mudah Menghitug Waktu Salat,
Arah Kiblat, dan Awal Bulan (Acuan Data Ephemeris Hisab Rukyat), Penentuan Awal
Bulan Islam dalam Tradisi Fikih NU.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
Dan Jurnal
yang telah beliau tulis adalah “Sistem Kalender Islam dalam Perspektif Evolusi
Syariah dalam ULUMUNA Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Vol. XII, No. 2, Desember 2008
(terakreditasi) penerbit IAIN Mataram, “Sejarah dan Dinamika Sosial Fiqih
Tradisional di Indonesia” dalam ISLAMICA Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Vol. IV, No.
1, September 2009 (terakreditasi) Jurnal Program Pascasarjana IAIN Sunan Ampel
Surabaya, “Pendekatan Hisab Astronomi dalam Penentuan Awal Bulan Islam
(Perspektif Fikih) dalam SUNAN GIRI Jurnal Kajian Keislaman, Vol. I, No. 1,
Juni 2012 (Non AKreditasi) J urnal Fakultas Agama Islam Universitas Sunan Giri
Surabaya. Dan ia sekarang bersama isteri dan ke empat anak tersayangnya kini
tinggal di Jl. Garuda VI/ 29 Rewwin Waru Sidoarjo Jawa Timur.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15933882782283422136noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8260267593076501753.post-65372743942486521812014-05-05T03:23:00.000+07:002014-05-05T03:23:30.691+07:00benda-benda langit<!--[if !mso]>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">BENDA-BENDA LANGIT</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Makalah ini
disusun guna memenuhi Tugas </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Astronomi 1</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dosen Pengampu
: Ahmad Syifaul Anam,SHI, MH</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Oleh :</span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo12; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Rizalludin<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>NIM
: 122111117</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo12; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Lukman<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>NIM
:122111067</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo12; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ilmi Mukaromah<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>NIM :122111055</span></li>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">KONSENTRASI
ILMU FALAK</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">FAKULTAS SYARI’AH</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI IAIN WALISONGO </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">SEMARANG</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">2012</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sungguh alam
semesta sangat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mengagumkan. Keindahan-
keindahan yang di tampakkannya mempesona sehingga<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>membuat manusia merasa tertantang untuk
menggali keindahan tersebut lebih dalam. Sejak zaman pra sejarah hingga
sekarang manusia tak henti-hentinya mempelajari alam semesta ini di karenakan
rasa keingintahuan misteri di balik keindahan- keindahan alam seemesta.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berangkat dari rasa
ingin tahu tersebut, manusia melakukan banyak penelitian terhadap benda-benda
langit. Sehingga banyak bermunculan teori-teori yang mengkaji tentang alam
semesta. Jika kita mengamati matahari pada siang hari, serta bulan dan bintang
pada malam hari, kita pasti melihat semua benda langit itu bergerak mengitari
bumi. Seolah-olah bumi menjadi pusat alam semesta. Sulit membayangkan bahwa
sebenarnya bumi bukan pusat alam semesta, tetapi menjadi satelit benda langit
yang menurut penglihatan kita bergerak mengitari bumi. Oleh sebab itu, wajarlah
kalau pada awal perkembangan ilmu astronomi, hipotesis yang paling banyak
diterima tentang kedudukan bumi di alam semesta adalah hipotesis geosentris,
bumi adalah pusat alam semesta.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dalam perjalanan
waktu, seiring berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi kemudian diketahui
bumi beserta planet-planet lain mengelilingi matahari. Dan, matahari beserta
planet-planet itu hanya salah satu dari sekian banyak tata surya didalam
galaksi bima sakti.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">RUMUSAN MASALAH</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sebagaimana telah
kita ketahui bahwa begitu banyak benda-benda langit. Karena banyaknya
benda-benda langit sehingga kita tidak tahu satu-persatu nama dan bentuknya.
Maka dari itu kami hanya akan menjelaskan sedikit benda langit yang kami
susun<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dalam rumusan masalah dibawah ini
:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 68.6pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penjelasan galaksi, bentuk dan macamnya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penjelasan sistem tata surya kita, planet, satelit, asteroid, meteorid,
materi antar bintang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">GALAKSI</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<img align="left" height="164" hspace="12" src="file:///C:\Users\kacong\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.png" width="210" /><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kata galaksi diturunkan
dari istilah bahasa Yunani untuk Milky Way (galaksi kita), galaxias (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">γαλαξίας</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">),
atau kyklos galaktikos. Kata ini berarti "lingkaran susu", sesuai
dengan penampakannya di angkasa. Dinamakan jalan susu karena gugusannya mirip
sebuah alur jalan yang terisi susu atau nampak dipenuhi susu.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> Dalam mitologi Yunani,
Zeus menempatkan anak laki-lakinya yang dilahirkan oleh manusia biasa, bayi
Heracles, pada payudara Hera ketika Hera sedang tidur sehingga bayi tersebut
meminum susunya dan karena itu menjadi manusia abadi. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hera terbangun ketika
sedang menyusui dan kemudian menyadari ia sedang menyusui bayi yang tak
dikenalnya: ia mendorong bayi tersebut dan air susunya menyembur mewarnai
langit malam, menghasilkan pita cahaya tipis yang dikenal dalam bahasa Inggris
sebagai Milky Way (jalan susu)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Galaksi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> menurut wikipedia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sebuah sistem
yang terikat oleh gaya gravitasi yang terdiri atas </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bintang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (dengan segala bentuk
manifestasinya, antara lain bintang neutron dan lubang hitam), gas dan debu
kosmik medium antarbintang, dan kemungkinan substansi hipotetis yang dikenal
dengan materi gelap.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Galaksi adalah sebuah sistem yang sangat besar, terdiri dari
bintang-bintang dan materi antar </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bintang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Biasanya berisi
beberapa triliun bintang, dengan massa antara beberapa juta hingga beberapa
triliun kali dari matahari kita. Dengan luas beberapa ribu hingga 100.000 tahun
cahaya.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Satu tahun cahaya adalah jarak yang ditempuh cahaya diruang hampa selama satu
tahun, sekitar 9,4 triliun kilometer.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tipe-tipe galaksi berkisar dari galaksi kerdil dengan sepuluh juta
bintang hingga galaksi raksasa dengan satu triliun bintang, semuanya mengorbit
pada pusat</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><span style="color: #1d1d1d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ruang antar galaksi terisi dengan gas yang memiliki kerapatan
massa kurang dari satu atom per meter kubik. Sebagian besar galaksi </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">diorganisasikan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ke dalam sebuah
himpunan yang disebut klaster, untuk kemudian membentuk himpunan yang lebih
besar yang disebut superklaster.Struktur yang lebih besar ini dikelilingi oleh
ruang hampa di dalam alam semesta.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kita hidup dalam
sebuah galaksi spiral raksasa, Galaksi Bima Sakti, dengan diameter 100.000
tahun cahaya dan matahari kita sebagai salah satu dari sekitar 100 miliaran
bintang di galaksi Bima Sakti.</span></div>
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<img align="left" height="139" hspace="12" src="file:///C:\Users\kacong\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.png" width="282" /><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jarak antara Matahari
kita dengan pusat galaksi bima sakti sekitar 27.700 tahun cahaya.Dan di pusat
galaksi itu diduga ada lubang hitam </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">supermasif</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (black hole). Dan
tahukah anda tata surya kita hanya baru mengitarinya sebanyak 20–25 kali saja.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hanya tiga galaksi di luar Bima Sakti yang dapat terlihat
dengan mata telanjang.Orang-orang di belahan bumi utara dapat melihat Galaksi
Andromeda, yang berjarak sekitar 2 juta tahun cahaya. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Orang-orang di belahan bumi
selatan bisa melihat Large Magellanic Cloud, yang kurang lebih 160.000 tahun
cahaya dari Bumi, dan Small Magellanic Cloud, yang berjarak sekitar 180.000
tahun cahaya.<br />
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Galaksi terdistribusi
tidak merata di ruang angkasa. Beberapa tidak memiliki tetangga dekat, namun
ada juga yang berpasangan, dengan masing-masing mengorbit yang lain</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.
Tapi kebanyakan dari mereka ditemukan dalam kelompok yang disebut
cluster.Sekelompok galaksi mungkin terdiri dari beberapa lusin hingga beberapa
ribu galaksi.Dengan diameter kira-kira sebesar 10 juta tahun cahaya.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelompok galaksi, pada gilirannya, dikelompokkan dalam
struktur yang lebih besar yang disebut superclusters.Pada skala yang lebih
besar, galaksi tersebut diatur dalam jaringan besar.Jaringan yang saling
berhubungan terdiri dari string atau filamen galaksi relatif kosong sekitar
daerah yang dikenal sebagai void.Salah satu yang terbesar yang pernah memetakan
struktur adalah jaringan galaksi yang dikenal sebagai Tembok Besar.Struktur ini
lebih dari 500 juta tahun cahaya yang panjang dan 200 juta tahun cahaya lebar.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Macam-macam
dan Bentuk-bentuk galaksi</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Galaksi berdasarkan bentuk nya dibedakan
atas tiga jenis utama yaitu Galaksi elliptikal, Galaksi spiral, dan Galaksi tak
beraturan.</span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis galaksi Eliptikal </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">adalah jenis galaksi yang diperkirakan mempunyai bentuk
ellipsoidal dan terlihat lembut karena terang nya cahaya antar bintang, hampir
keseluruhan bentuk fisik nya rata dan terang.Morfologi dari galaksi eliptikal
ternyata sangat bermacam-macam mulai dari yang berbentuk hampir bulat seperti
eplisoidal hingga hampir berbentuk datar.Dengan beraneka macam nya bentuk yang
ada, hal ini ternyata sangat mempengaruhi jumlah dari banyak nya bintang yang
ada didalam sebuah galaksi.Mulai dari ratusan juta bintang hingga lebih dari
satu trilyun bintang.Klasifikasi morfologi eliptikal ini telah diklasifikasikan
oleh Edwin Hubble dalam skema klasifikasi Hubble.<span style="color: #222222;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh
dari jenis Eliptikal galaksi adalah M32, M49 dan M59</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jenis Galaksi Spiral</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah
jenis galaksi yang terdiri atas pusaran bintang dan medium antar bintang dimana
pada garis tengah nya atau pusat galaksi terdiri dari bintang bintang yang
berumur sangat tua. Dilihat dari bentuk nya, galaksi berjenis spiral mempunyai
lengan yang cerah disetiap sisinya. Dalam klasifikasi skema hubble jenis spiral
galaksi diberi daftar dengan kode S(Spiral) dan SB (Barred Spiral) tergantung
dengan bentuk lengan nya kemudian diikuti huruf abjad yang mengindikasikan
tingkat kerapatan antar lengan spiral dan tonjolan pada pusat galaksi. Seperti hal
nya sebuah bintang beserta planet-planet nya, lengan spiral galaksi selalu
memutari pusat dari galaksi dengan kecepatan relatif konstan meskipun waktu
yang dibutuhkan untuk mengelilingi nya sangat lama. Lengan spiral merupakan
daerah pada bagian galaksi yang paling padat materi atau sering disebut “Densiy
Waves”. Dibagian inilah grafitasi antar bintang mulai merapat sehingga semakin
nampak lengan spiral dari sebuah galaksi maka semakin banyak pula jumlah
bintang-bintang dan dibagian inilah tempat dilahirkannya bintang-bintang muda.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh
dari Galaksi jenis spiral adalah M31 (andromeda), M33 (triangulum) dan M51
(Whirlpool)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<img align="left" height="150" hspace="12" src="file:///C:\Users\kacong\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image010.png" width="313" /><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jenis
galaksi tak beraturan</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> J</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">enis galaksi tak
beraturan yang dimaksud adalah jenis galaksi yang bentuk nya bukan eliptikal
maupun spiral. Pada jenis galaksi ini bentuk dari galaksi sangat bermacam-macam
ada yang disebut “Dwarf” Galaksi atau galaksi cebol yang dikarenakan besar
galaksi ini lebih kecil dari galaksi pada umumnya, Ring Galaksi yaitu galaksi
yang bentuk nya seperti cincin yang mana ditengahnya ada pusat dari galaksi dan
Lentikular galaksi dimana Bentuk dari galaksi ini merupakan perpaduan antara
jenis Eliptikal dan Spiral. Contoh dari jenis Dwarf Galaksi adalah M110, Ring
Galaksi adalah Objek Hoag dan Lentikular </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">galaksi
adalah NGC 5866.HG</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">TATA </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SURYA</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tata surya terdiri dari sebuah
bintang yang disebut matahari dan semua objek yang yang mengelilinginya.
Objek-objek tersebut termasuk sembilan buah planet yang sudah diketahui dengan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">orbit</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> berbentuk elips, meteor, asteroid, komet, planet-planet
kerdil/katai, dan satelit-satelit alami<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tata Surya dan Planet-Planetnya</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Planet diambil dari kata dalam
bahasa Yunani <i>Asteres planetai </i>yang artinya Bintang Pengelana. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dinamakan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> demikian karena berbeda dengan binntang biasa, planet
dari waktu ke waktu terlihat berkelana atau berpindah-pindah dari rasi bintang
yang satu ke rasi bintang yang lain. Perpindahan ini dapat dipahami karena
planet beredar mengelilingi matahari.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>
Dengan melihat orbit planet dari bumi, planet dapat dibagi menjadi dua macam,
yaitu <i>planet inferior </i>dan <i>planet superior.</i> Planet inferior adalah
planet-planet yang orbitnya terletak disebelah dalam orbit bumi, yaitu
Merkurius dan Venus. Planet superior adalah planet yang orbitnya terletak
disebelah luar orbit bumi, yaitu Mars, yupiter, Saturnus, Uranus, Neptunus, dan
Pluto.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dalam orbitya mengelilingi
matahari, plnet-planet inferior tampak berpindah-pindah kedudukannya dilihat
dari bumi. Ini disebabkan konfigurasi planet,bumi dan matahari yang selalu
berubah.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dimensi Tata Surya</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tata surya kita adalah suatu
kelompok benda langit, yaitu matahari dan planet-planetnya yang terdiri dari
merkurius, venus, bumi, mars, yupiter, saturnus, uranus, dan neptunus beserta
165 buah satelit planet yang sudah diketahui sampai sekarang, serta objek-objek
tata surya lainnya, seperti asteroid, planet katai, meteorid, planeteroid,
komet, dan debu antar planet yang bergerak mengikuti hukum-hukum dinamika
newton.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Matahari</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Matahari sesungguhnya adalah
sebuah bintang, tidak jauh berbeda dari bintang-bintang lainyang kelihatan
dilangit malam. Yang membedakannya dari bintang-bintang lain adalah jaraknya
dari bumi. Bintang dilangit berjarak jutaan, bahkan miliaran, kali jarak
matahari ke bumi sehingga cahaya bintang yang sampai dibumi sudah sangat lemah.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 38.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dibawah ini adalah sifat-sifat
matahari<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a> :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Matahari merupakan bintang terdekat dengan bumi yang menjaddi pusat dari
tata surya. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">J</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">arak antara </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">bumi dan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">matahari adalah 150
juta kilometer atau 1 SA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> (Satuan
Astronomi). Satuan Astronomi adalah Jarak rata-rata bumi-matahari dinamakan.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Z</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">at penyusun matahari berupa gas, dengan
komposisi: hydrogen (75%), helium (20%), dan unsur lain (2%).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu
permukaan Matahari 6000 derajat Celsius dan bagian inti mencapai 15 juta
derajat Celsius.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Matahari
berotasi 25,04 hari dan mempunyai gravitasi 27,9 kali gravitasi Bum</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">i. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Massa
Matahari adalah 333.000 kali massa Bum</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">i.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kerapatan matahari 1,4 gr/cm<sup>3</sup>.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jari-jari matahari 696.000 km.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Matahari
dibagi menjadi 3 bagia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">n<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a>
:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Inti Matahari. Di bagian ini terjadi
reaksi nuklir</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(pengubahan
hydrogen menjadi helium dan energi). Suhunya mencapai 15 juta Kelvin</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. . Inti matahari adalah tempat berlangsungnya reaksi
fusi, yaitu pembentukan unsur-unsur berat dari yang lebih ringan, yang
dimulaindari prosese pembentukan helium dan empat atom hidrogen.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Permukaan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Matahari atau </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bola Matahari/fotosfer</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. Permukaan matahari adalah matahari biasa kita lihat
sehari-hari tenang memancarkan sinarnya atau sinar matahari itu merupakan permukaan
matahari.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Atmosfer Matahari</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> atau Angkasa Matahari </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(terdidi
dari kromosfer dan korona).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Angkasa
matahari adalah bagian matahari yang bisa kita amati secara langsung hanyalah
bagian angkasa atau atmosfer matahari saja.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lapisan
kulit Matahari dibagi menjadi 3,yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Fotosfer </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">adalah bagian
Matahari yang paling mudah kelihatan dari bumi.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kedalamannya 500 Km</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu fotosfer 6.000 Kelvin dan berkurang
menjadi 4.500 Kelvin pada fotosfer bagian lua</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">r.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kromosfer </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">adalah suatu
lapisan yang tipis yang kelihatan jelas sekali saat terjadi gerhata matahari
total.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lapisan kromosfer menjulang 12.000 Km di
atas fotosfer dan memiliki tebal kira-kira 2.400 Km</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu kromosfer bagian atasnya 10.000
Kelvin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Korona </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(atmosfer Matahari bagian luar)</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">adalah lapisan
terluar angkasa matahari yang sangat renggang. Korona berarti “mahkota”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu korona bagian luar mencapai 2 juta
Kelvin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PLANET</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet adalah suatu benda gelap
yang mengorbit sebuah bintang(Matahari). Pengelompokan planet:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 79.8pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan
dijadikannya Bumi sebagai pembatas;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.4pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet Inferor,yaitu planet yang
orbitnya di dalam orbit Bumi mengitari Matahari.Planet yang termasuk planet
inferior adalah Merkurius dan Venus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.4pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet Superior,yaitu planet yang
orbitnya berada di luar orbit Bumi mengitari Matahari.Planet yang termasuk
planet superior adalah Mars, Yupiter, Saturnus ,Uranus, Neptunus, dan Pluto.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 79.8pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan
dijadikannya lintasan asteroid sebagai pembatas;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet Dalam,yaitu planet yang orbinya
di sebelah dalam lintasan asteroid.Yang tergolong planet dalam adalah
Merkurius, Venus, Bumi, dan Mars.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet Luar,yaitu planet yang orbitnya
di sebelah luar lintasan asteroid.Anggota planet luar adalah Yupiter, Saturnus,
Uranus, Neptunus, dan Pluto.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 79.8pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan
ukuran dan komposisi bahan penyusunnya;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 110.6pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet Terestrial/Kebumian,yaitu planet
yang ukuran dan komposisi penyusunnya (batuan) mirip dengan Bumi.Yang termask
planet terrestrial adalah Merkurius, Venus, Bumi, dan Mars.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 110.6pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet Jovian/Raksasa,yaitu planet yang
sangat besar dan komposisi penyusunnya mirip Yupiter(terdiri dari sebagian
besar es dan gas hydrogen).Yang tergolong dalam planet Jovian adalah Yupiter,
Saturnus, Uranus, dan Neptunus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 79.8pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
Gerakan Planet:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 109.2pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum I Kepler:”Orbit(lintasan dalam
mengitari Matahari) planet berbentuk elips dengan Matahari berada pada salah
satu titik apinya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 109.2pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum II Kepler:”Garis hubung
planet-Matahari akan menyapu daerah yang sama luasnya dalam selang waktu yang
sama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 109.2pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum III Kepler:”Jarak rata-rata planet
ke Matahari pangkat tiga dibagi periode sideris kuadrat merupakan bilangan
konstan” atau “Pangkat dua kala revolusi planet sebanding dengan pangkat tiga
jarak planet ke Matahari.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SATELIT</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
adalah benda yang mengorbit benda lain dengan periode revolusi dan rotasi
tertentu. Ada dua jenis satelit yakni satelit alam dan satelit buatan. <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Objek
yang bergerak mengelilingi objek lain diruang angkasa disebut satelit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenis-Jenis
Satelit:<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
astronomi adalah satelit yang digunakan untuk mengamati planet, galaksi, dan
objek angkasa lainnya yang jauh.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
komunikasi adalah satelit buatan yang dipasang di angkasa dengan tujuan
telekomunikasi menggunakan radio pada frekuensi gelombang mikro. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kebanyakan
satelit komunikasi menggunakan orbit geosinkron atau orbit geostasioner,
meskipun beberapa tipe terbaru menggunakan satelit pengorbit Bumi rendah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
pengamat Bumi adalah satelit yang dirancang khusus untuk mengamati Bumi dari
orbit, seperti satelit reconnaissance tetapi ditujukan untuk penggunaan
non-militer seperti pengamatan lingkungan, meteorologi, pembuatan peta, dll.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
navigasi adalah satelit yang menggunakan sinyal radio yang disalurkan ke penerima
di permukaan tanah untuk menentukan lokasi sebuah titik dipermukaan bumi. Salah
satu satelit navigasi yang sangat populer adalah GPS milik Amerika Serikat
selain itu ada juga Glonass milik Rusia.Bila pandangan antara satelit dan
penerima di tanah tidak ada gangguan, maka dengan sebuah alat penerima sinyal
satelit (penerima GPS), bisa diperoleh data posisi di suatu tempat dengan
ketelitian beberapa meter dalam waktu nyata.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
mata-mata adalah satelit pengamat Bumi atau satelit komunikasi yang digunakan
untuk tujuan militer atau mata-mata. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Satelit tenaga surya adalah satelit yang
diusulkan dibuat di orbit Bumi tinggi yang menggunakan transmisi tenaga
gelombang mikro untuk menyorotkan tenaga surya kepada antena sangat besar di
Bumi yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan sumber tenaga konvensional.
*Stasiun angkasa adalah struktur buatan manusia yang dirancang sebagai tempat
tinggal manusia di luar angkasa. Stasiun luar angkasa dibedakan dengan pesawat
angkasa lainnya oleh ketiadaan propulsi pesawat angkasa utama atau fasilitas
pendaratan; Dan kendaraan lain digunakan sebagai transportasi dari dan ke
stasiun. Stasiun angkasa dirancang untuk hidup jangka-menengah di orbit, untuk
periode mingguan, bulanan, atau bahkan tahunan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
cuaca adalah satelit yang diguanakan untuk mengamati cuaca dan iklim Bumi.
Satelit miniatur adalah satelit yang ringan dan kecil. Klasifikasi baru dibuat
untuk mengkategorikan satelit-satelit ini: satelit mini (500–200 kg), satelit
mikro (di bawah 200 kg), satelit nano (di bawah 10 kg).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenis-Jenis
Orbit Satelit:<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Banyak
satelit dikategorikan atas ketinggian orbitnya, meskipun sebuah satelit bisa
mengorbit dengan ketinggian berapa pun. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Orbit
Rendah (Low Earth Orbit, LEO): 300 - 1500km di atas permukaan bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Orbit Menengah (Medium Earth Orbit, MEO): 1500
- 36000 km.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Orbit Geosinkron (Geosynchronous Orbit, GSO):
sekitar 36000 km di atas permukaan Bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Orbit Geostasioner (Geostationary Orbit, GEO):
35790 km di atas permukaan Bumi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Orbit
Tinggi (High Earth Orbit, HEO): di atas 36000 km. Orbit berikut adalah orbit
khusus yang juga digunakan untuk mengkategorikan satelit: Orbit Molniya, orbit
satelit dengan perioda orbit 12 jam dan inklinasi sekitar 63°. Orbit
Sunsynchronous, orbit satelit dengan inklinasi dan tinggi tertentu yang selalu
melintas ekuator pada jam lokal yang sama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
Bumi memiliki Diameter 12.756 kilometer Write By : Mr. Hombar Pakpahan Days:
11:51 Categories: News<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[24]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bumi
memiliki satu satelit alami yaitu bulan serta banyak satelit buatan. Uni soviet
meluncurkan satelit buatan pertama , sputnik 1, pada oktober<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1957. Saat ini ribuan satelit mengelilingi
bumi dalam orbit dan pekerjaan yang berbeda, seperti memancarkan sinyal telepon</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">dan siaran tv serta memonitor cuaca.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bagaimana satelit bekerja?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
dibangun dari material paling ringan, untuk membuatnya meluncur dengan mudah.
Satelit membawa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bermacam instrument
seperti kamera,teleskop,sensor radiasi,dan peralatan radio. Sel panel surya
menyediakan tenaga listrik untuk menyalakan instrumen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">satelit dibuat dari material sangat
ringan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Antena piringan digunakan untuk
mengirimkan dan menerima komunikasi radio dari dan ke bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">panel surya tersusun atas ribuan sel
surya yang mengubah energy pada cahaya matahari menjadi listrik.</span><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[25]</span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada dua cara kerja satelit yang
sangat fundamental yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Uplink: Transmisi yang dikirim dari
bumi ke satelit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.
Downlink : Transmisi dari satelit ke stasiun bumi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selain itu satelit berfungsi sebagai</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Repeater di langit</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Melihat cuaca dan iklim</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komunikasi siaran radio</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kepentingan militer</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengkaji benda benda langit<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[26]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komunikasi lewat </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">satelit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Stasiun
di bumi menggunakan antena piringan untuk mengarahkannya kembali ke stasiun
bumi lainnya di negara yang sama atau berbeda. Saat ini banyak panggilan
telepon nasional dan internasional, email, serta facsimile ditangani oleh
jaringan satelit komunikasi. Kebanyakan di orbit geostasioner.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[27]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ASTEROID</span></b><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[28]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Asteroid adalah benda langit
kecil dan padat yang terdapat dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_tata_surya"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sistem tata surya</span></a> k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ita.Asteroid adalah contoh dari
sejenis planet kecil (atau disebut juga</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetoida"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">planetoida</span></a>), namun jauh
lebih kecil dari sebuah planet.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Asteroid
berada dalam sebuah sabuk antara Mars dan Yupiter yang disebut <b>sabuk
asteroid</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selama
200 tahun Ceres dianggap sebagai asteroid terbesar.Namun </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pada</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 23 Agustus 2001, telah ditemukan
asteroid yang lebih besar daripada Ceres.asteroid ini bernama 2001 KX 76,
lintasan orbitnya di dekat Pluto. Asteroid yang paling kecil mempunyai diameter
beberapa puluh meter.Sepuluh asteroid pertama yang ditemukan:</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">No</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nama</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penemu</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diameter(Km)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ceres</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Piazzi,1 Januari 1801</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1003</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pallas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Olbers,28 Maret 1802</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">608</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Juno</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Harding,1 September 1804</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">250</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vesta</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Olbers,29 Maret 1807</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">538</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Astrea</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hencke,8 Desember 1845</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">117</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hebe</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hencke,1 Juli 1847</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">195</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Iris</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hind,13 Agustus 1847</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">209</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Flora</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hind,18 Oktober 1847</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">151</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Metis</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Graham,26 April 1848</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">151</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hygeia</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">De Gasparis,12 April 1849</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">450</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KOMET</span></b><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[29]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.7pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">adalah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benda_angkasa&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">benda angkasa</span></a> yang
mirip <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">asteroid</span></a>,
tetapi hampir seluruhnya terbentuk dari gas (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_dioksida"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">karbon dioksida</span></a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metana"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">metana</span></a>,<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">air</span></a>) dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Debu&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">debu</span></a> yang
mem</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">beku.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Menurut
ensklopedi singkat astronomi, komet (yang dalam bahasa Indonesia sering disebut
<i>bintang berekor</i> dan dalam bahasa jawa sering disebut <i>lintang kemukus</i>).<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[30]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet
memiliki orbit atau lintasan yang </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">berbentuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elips"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">elips</span></a>, lebih lonjong dan
panjang daripada orbit <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">planet</span></a>.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753" name="Ciri_fisik"></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.2pt; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ciri
fisik:</span></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1"><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a"><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ketika
komet menghampiri bagian-dalam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Surya"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Tata Surya</span></a>, radiasi
dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matahari"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">matahari</span></a> menyebabkan
lapisan es terluarnya menguap. Arus de</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bu dan gas yang dihasilkan
membentuk suatu atmosfer yang besar tetapi sangat tipis di s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekeliling
komet, disebut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coma&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">coma</span></a>.Akibat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tekanan_radiasi&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tekanan
radiasi</span></a> matahari dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angin_matahari"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">angin
matahari</span></a> pa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">da coma ini, terbentukl</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekor"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ekor</span></a>raksasa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang menjauhi matahari.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Coma
dan ekor komet membalikkan cahaya matahari dan bisa dilihat dari bumi
jika komet itu cukup dekat. Ekor komet berbeda-beda bentuk dan
ukurannya.Semakin dekat komet tersebut dengan matahari, semakin
panjanglah ekornya.Ada juga komet yang tidak berekor.</span><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753" name="Ciri_orbit"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet bergerak mengelilingi matahari berkali-kali, tetapi
peredarannya memakan waktu yang lama.Komet dibedakankan menurut </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">rent</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">angan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> waktu </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">orbitnya</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.Rentangan waktu pendek adalah kurang dari 200 tahun dan
rentan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">gan waktu yang
panjang adalah lebih dari 200 tahun. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara umumnya bentuk orbit komet adalah elips.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753" name="Komet_terkenal"></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.2pt; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet terkenal</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> :</span></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1"><ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a"><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komet_Halley"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet Halley</span></a>
</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komet_West&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet
West</span></a></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komet_Encke"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet Encke</span></a>, </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komet_Hyakutake"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet
Hyakutake</span></a></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komet_Hale-Bopp&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet
Hale-Bopp</span></a></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.2pt; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dikelompokkan atas:</span></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1"><ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a"><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet periodic</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,yaitu komet yang
penampakannya dapat bilihat dalam selang waktu yang
teratur.Contohnya;komet<i>Halley</i> dengan periode 76 tahun dan
komet <i>Encke</i> dengan periode 3,3 tahun.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet non-periodik</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,<b>yaitu</b> komet yang
tidak dapat dipekirakan penampakannya karena periodenya sangat lama.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[31]</span></span></span></span></a></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">METEOROID,
METEOR DAN METEORIT</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 26.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tiga kata ini kedengarannya seperti sama, ya memang sama,
sama-sama susah diucapkan, tetapi dalam kenyataannya ketiga kata tersebut
memiliki pengertian yang berbeda.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 26.6pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteoroid</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah batuan dalam ruang antar planet yang berukuran
kecil hingga yang berukuran besar sebesar gerbong kereta api.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 26.6pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteor</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah meteoroid yang masuk dalam atmosfer bumi dan
menjadi panas dan berpijar karena gesekan dengan atmosfer Bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 26.6pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteorit</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sisa-sisa meteoroid yang mencapai permukaan
Bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 26.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada
3 macam meteorit yang dikenal,yaitu;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteorit
logam</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,memiliki
unsur nikel dan besi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteorit
batuan</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,memiliki
unsure silkon.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteorit
campuran</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,memiliki
unsu logam dan silikon.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATERI
ANTAR BINTANG<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[32]</span></b></span></span></span></a></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ruang antar bintang tidak sepenuhnya kosong,tetapi
terisi awan gas dan debu yang disebut nebula. Kita bisa melihat nebula saat
mereka bersinar atau ketika memantulkan cahaya dari bintang terdekat. Terkadang
kita tidak bisa melihat nebula,tetapi kita bisa mengatahui keberadaan
mereka.karena mereka menghalangi cahaya bintang dibelakangnya.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara umum terdapat dua jenis penyusun materi antar
bintang, yang pertama adalah debu antar bintang dan yang kedua adalah gas.
Masing-masing jenis materi ini memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda ketika diamati.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 84.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Debu Antar
Bintang</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 84.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Materi ini jauh lebih kecil kelimpahannya
dibandingkan dengan gas antar bintang, namun pengaruhnya terhadap berkas cahaya
visual lebih besar. Hal ini disebabkan ukuran partikelnya yang besar (dalam
orde 1/1000 mm), bandingkan dengan panjang gelombang cahaya tampak (1/20000
mm), sehingga materi ini cenderung untuk menyerap dan menghamburkan berkas
cahaya. Debu antar bintang ini tersusun dari partikel-partikel es, karbon, atau
silikat. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 84.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Karakteristik debu ini menghasilkan bermacam efek terhadap cahaya
bintang, yang akan dijelaskan sebagai berikut. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nebula
Gelap</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada daerah tertentu di ruang antar bintang yang
memiliki kepadatan debu yang sangat tinggi, sehingga cukup untuk menjadi awan
(nebula) yang kedap cahaya. Walaupun kepadatan partikelnya masih jauh lebih
rendah dari pada di Bumi, namun besarnya awan ini mengakibatkan terhalangnya
cahaya bintang. Celah gelap memanjang di daerah Cygnus dan Horsehead Nebulae
(Kepala Kuda) di Orion adalah contoh nebula gelap, yang menghalangi datangnya
berkas cahaya bintang ke arah pengamat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nebula yang gelap tampak seperti siluet karena
nebula tersebut menghalangi cahaya dari nebula yang bersinar atau bintang
dibelakangnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Efek
Redupan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sekumpulan debu dapat juga memberikan efek
meredupnya cahaya bintang. Besarnya bervariasi, misalnya 1 magnitudo setiap 1
kiloparsek yang ditempuh cahaya tersebut. Hal ini memunculkan permasalahan
ketika akan ditentukan jarak sebuah bintang. Karena dalam menentukan jarak,
diperlukan perbandingan antara magnitudo semu dan mutlak. Harga magnitudo semu
yang didapat akan mengalami kesalahan akibat dari efek redupan tersebut,
sehingga menyebabkan kesalahan pada nilai jarak bintang. Untuk mengatasinya,
perlu diketahui terlebih dahulu seberapa besar efek redupan yang dialami cahaya
bintang tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Efek Pemerahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penghamburan berkas cahaya tidak sama di semua
panjang gelombang. Karena ukuran partikel debu yang kecil, maka hanya gelombang
elektromagnetik yang mempunyai panjang gelombang yang pendek yang lebih terkena
efek penghamburan ini. Artinya, hanya cahaya ungu dan biru yang paling terkena
efeknya. Sementara merah dan jingga tidak mengalami halangan yang berarti
ketika melintasi debu antar bintang. Akibat dari kekurangan cahaya ungu dan
biru ini, cahaya yang sampai di Bumi akan tampak merah. Hal inilah yang disebut
sebagai efek pemerahan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nebula Pantulan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hamburan oleh debu antar bintang, terutama cahaya
biru, terkadang menerangi daerah di sekitarnya. Akibatnya, awan debu antar
bintang ini akan tampak biru karena cahaya bintang di belakangnya melintasi
awan debu ini. Contoh dari nebula pantulan ini adalah gugus bintang Pleiades di
Taurus serta Nebula Trifid di Sagittarius.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 84.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GAS ANTAR
BINTANG</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 84.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Materi utama penyusun gas antar bintang adalah
hidrogen dengan sedikit helium. Kepadatan gas dalam suatu ruang antar bintang
biasanya mencapai 1 atom/cm kubik, sementara di beberapa tempat, kepadatan
partikel gas antar bintang dapat mencapai 10^5 atom/cm3 . Namun kerapatan ini
masih jauh lebih rendah daripada kepadatan gas di Bumi, 10^19 atom/cm3. Nebula
gas ini dibagi menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu daerah H II, H II, dan awan
molekul.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 104.3pt; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daerah H
II, Nebula Emisi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika bintang muda dan panas (golongan B dan O)
terletak dekat dengan nebula gas, maka pancaran ultra ungu dari bintang
tersebut akan mengionisasi gas hidrogen yang terkandung di dalam nebula itu.
Ketika inti atom hidrogen menangkap elektron yang lain, pada saat yang
bersamaan dipancarkan pula radiasi elektromagnetik dalam panjang gelombang
cahaya tampak. Akibatnya, cahaya dari bintang tersebut diubah menjadi cahaya
tampak oleh nebula gas ini. Dan jika dilihat spektrumnya, nebula ini memberikan
garis emisi yang kuat. Contoh nebula jenis ini adalah Nebula Orion di daerah
pedang Orion, Nebula Lagoon dan Nebula Trifid di Sagittarius.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada dua macam lagi nebula emisi yang berbeda dengan
yang disebut di atas. Kedua macam nebula ini dibentuk dalam evolusi bintang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yang pertama adalah planetary nebula, yaitu ketika
sebuah bintang bermassa kecil menjelang evolusi tahap akhirnya, melontarkan
selubung gas yang didorong dari bintang akibat tekanan dari dalamnya. Selama
proses ini, gelombang UV dari bintang meradiasi selubung tersebut, sehingga
terjadi peristiwa yang sama seperti penjelasan sebelumnya. Dan kita dapat
melihat sebuah bintang di tengah-tengah awan gas tersebut. Contoh planetary
nebula jenis ini adalah Nebula Cincin (M57) di rasi Lyra.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yang kedua adalah sisa ledakan supernova. Supernova
adalah peristiwa ledakan bintang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>bermassa besar akibat tekanan yang sangat besar dari bagian pusat
bintang. Gas yang tersisa setelah ledakan tersebut menerima pancaran energi
dari pusat nebula. Contohnya, Cygnus Loop.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 104.3pt; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daerah H I,
Awan Hidrogen Netral</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di daerah awan gas ini, tidak ada sumber gelombang
UV yang dapat mengionisasi hidrogennya. Awan ini gelap, dingin dan transparan.
Pengamatan objek ini bergantung pada sifat yang dimiliki oleh inti atom
hidrogennya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diketahui bahwa pada elektron dan inti pada sebuah
atom memiliki momentum spin. Keduanya dapat memiliki spin yang searah atau
berlawanan. Dalam keadaan spin searah, atom memiliki tingkat energi yang lebih
tinggi daripada spin berlawanan. Jika sebuah atom berada dalam keadaan spin
searah, maka setelah 10^6 tahun atom tersebut akan berubah ke tingkat energi
yang lebih rendah ( spin berlawanan ). Proses ini, disebut ’’electron spin
flop’’, akan menghasilkan pancaran energi pada daerah panjang gelombang radio
(sekitar 21 cm). Maka, pengamatan yang telah dilakukan pun lebih banyak
dilakukan oleh para astronom radio.Pengamatan radio telah menghasilkan penemuan
sejumlah senyawa dalam sebuah awan gas. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari sifat
energi elektromagnetik yang dipancarkan maupun diserap oleh awan gas tersebut.
Diantara yang diketahui adalah molekul-molekul organik, molekul yang menjadi
dasar kehidupan.. Beberapa diantarnya adalah hidroksil radikal, amonia, air,
metil alkohol, metil sianida, formaldehid, hidrogen sianida, dan karbon
monoksida. Kelimpahan molekul-molekul ini jauh lebih kecil dari hidrogen.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[33]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">KESIMPULAN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 25.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dari pemaparan diatas, dapat
kami simpulkan sebagai berikut :</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kata galaksi
diturunkan dari istilah bahasa Yunani untuk Milky Way (galaksi kita), galaxias
(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">γαλαξίας</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">), atau kyklos galaktikos.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Galaksi
menurut wikipedia adalah sebuah sistem yang terikat oleh gaya gravitasi yang
terdiri atas bintang (dengan segala bentuk manifestasinya, antara lain bintang
neutron dan lubang hitam), gas dan debu kosmik medium antarbintang, dan
kemungkinan substansi hipotetis yang dikenal dengan materi gelap.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Macam-macam dan
Bentuk-bentuk galaksi terbagi 3,yaitu </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">galaksi
Eliptikal, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Galaksi Spiral</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> dan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">galaksi tak beraturan.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tata surya terdiri dari sebuah bintang yang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">disebut</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> matahari dan semua objek yang yang mengelilinginya.
Objek-objek tersebut termasuk sembilan buah planet yang sudah diketahui dengan
orbit berbentuk elips, meteor, asteroid, komet, planet-planet kerdil/katai, dan
satelit-satelit alami.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet
adalah suatu benda gelap yang mengorbit sebuah bintang(Matahari).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Pengelompokan planet </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">berdasarkan
dijadikannya lintasan asteroid sebagai pembatas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> ada 2, yaitu planet inferior dan planet superior. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan
dijadikannya lintasan asteroid sebagai pembatas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> ada 2, yaitu planet dalam dan planet luar.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit adalah benda yang mengorbit
benda lain dengan periode revolusi dan rotasi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tertentu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Ada dua jenis satelit yakni
satelit alam dan satelit buatan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Asteroid adalah
benda langit kecil dan padat yang terdapat dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_tata_surya"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sistem tata surya</span></a> k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ita.Asteroid adalah contoh dari
sejenis planet kecil (atau disebut juga</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetoida"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">planetoida</span></a>), namun jauh
lebih kecil dari sebuah planet.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Asteroid adalah
benda langit kecil dan padat yang terdapat dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_tata_surya"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sistem tata </span><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">surya</span></a> k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ita.Asteroid adalah contoh dari
sejenis planet kecil (atau disebut juga</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetoida"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">planetoida</span></a>), namun jauh
lebih kecil dari sebuah planet.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Asteroid berada dalam sebuah sabuk
antara Mars dan Yupiter yang disebut <b>sabuk asteroid</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet adalah
benda angkasa yang mirip asteroid, tetapi hampir seluruhnya terbentuk dari gas
(karbon dioksida, metana,air) dan debu yang membeku.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Komet </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">terkenal</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komet_Halley"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet Halley</span></a></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komet_West&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet West</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komet_Encke"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet Encke</span></a>,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komet_Hyakutake"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet Hyakutake</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komet_Hale-Bopp&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet
Hale-Bopp</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteoroid</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah batuan dalam ruang
antar planet yang berukuran kecil hingga yang berukuran besar sebesar gerbong
kereta api.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteor</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah meteoroid yang masuk
dalam atmosfer bumi dan menjadi panas dan berpijar karena gesekan dengan
atmosfer Bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteorit</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sisa-sisa meteoroid
yang mencapai permukaan Bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara
umum terdapat dua jenis penyusun materi antar bintang, yang pertama adalah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">debu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> antar bintang dan yang kedua adalah gas.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Debu Antar Bintang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> memberikan
efek terhadap cahaya bintang : Nebula gelap, efek pemerahan, nebula pantulan
dan efek peredupan. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nebula gas ini dibagi menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu
daerah H II, H II, dan awan molekul.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">V.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PENUTUP</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.75pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Demikian makalah ini kami susun, mohon maaf atas segala
kesalahan dalam penulisan maupun materi yang kami sajikan, kami berharap adanya
kritik dan saran yang kontruktif demi lebih baik dan sempurnanya makalah yang
kami susun.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Admiranto,<i> </i>A. Gunawan,<i>
menjelajahi tata surya,</i>Yogyakarta:Kanisius,ed.2,2009.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Encyclopedia sains,juli 2008,penerbit
erlangga.</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ericksabini.wordpress.com/2012/05/03/<b>fungsi-satelit</b>/</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hambali, Slamet<i> ,pengantar ilmu
falak,</i>Banyuwangi:Bismillah Publisher,2012. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hanan, Nataresmi Abd ,<i>perjalanan
kosmos memahami alam semesta,</i>Surabaya:Selasar Surabaya Publishing,2009.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hawking, Stephen W,<i> teori segala
sesuatu,</i>Yogyakarta:Pustaka Pelajar,2007.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://blogbintang.com/pengertian-galaksi-bima-sakti">http://blogbintang.com/pengertian-galaksi-bima-sakti</a>
diakses tanggal 14 Oktober jam 14:33.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://duniaastronomi.com/2009/02/materi-antar-bintang/">http://duniaastronomi.com/2009/02/materi-antar-bintang/</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diaksese tanggal 20 Oktober 2012 jam 13:48.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://galaxycluster.blogspot.com/2011/12/pengertian-galaksi-wikipedia.html">http://galaxycluster.blogspot.com/2011/12/pengertian-galaksi-wikipedia.html</a>
diakses tgl 14 Oktober 2012 jam14:30.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://haxims.blogspot.com/2010/05/pengertian-galaksi.html">http://haxims.blogspot.com/2010/05/pengertian-galaksi.html</a>
diakses tanggal 14 Oktober jam 14:15.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/">http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diakses tanggal 20 Oktober jam 13: 59.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Originalfrom: <a href="http://www.ombar.net/2010/04/pengertian-satelit-dan-jenis-satelit.html">http://www.ombar.net/2010/04/pengertian-satelit-dan-jenis-satelit.html</a>
diaksese tangal 20 Oktober<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2012<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jam 14:07.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelompok
6</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmi
Mukaromah</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(
122 111 055)</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lukman<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(
122 111 067)</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rizaluddin<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(
122 111 117)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berikut ini akan kami paparkan pertanyaan dan jawaban
selama diskusi mata kuliah astronomi I :</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IMAM
QUSHTOLANI<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( 122 111 002)</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apa
perbedaan sinar UV dan Gelombang UV? Jelaskan!</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Definisi singkat dari keduanya, yaitu yang dimaksud sinar
adalah suatu gelombang yang berbentuk cahaya sehingga dapat terlihat oleh mata.
Sedangkan gelombang itu sendiri adalah suatu gelombang yang hanya dapat
dirasakan manfaatnya tetapi tidak dapat dilihat oleh mata. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jadi </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sinar UV itu yang
terlihat, terasa oleh panca indra. Hal ini diserupakan dengan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bunyi. Untuk sampai ke alam ini sinar UV </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pastinya disertai</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
dengan gelombang yang mengantarkannya namun </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">gelombang
tersebut </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tidak terlihat oleh oleh mata .</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ZUL
AMRI FATINUL INSHAFI<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( 122 111 133)</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apa
syarat-syarat disebut planet?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Massa
ditentukan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Orbit
yang jelas</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak
memotong orbit planet<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lain</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berikut
spesifikasi dari planet antara lain</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Massa,diameter,
massa jenis, volume, luas permukaan, jari-jari rata-rata,kecepatan orbit
rata-rata, kecepatan rotasi,gravitasi di permukaan khatulistiwa,kecepatan lepas,
dsuhu permukaan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kenapa
Pluto tidak disebut planet lagi?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Seiring dengan berkembangnya zaman, ternyata ditemukan
benda langit yang bernama asteroid dimana massa Asteroid itu sendiri jauh lebih
besar ketimbang massa pluto, dan ditemukan pula bahwasanya pluto beredar tidak
pada orbitnya sendir atau dengan kata lain tidak memiliki orbit sendiri,
sehingga pluto disingkirkan dari deretan planet tata surya. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sinar
Matahari apakah hanya di bumi atau sampai ke galaksi-galaksi lain?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hanya
terang di </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tata surya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
tidak sampai ke galaksi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">lain </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">karena
terhalangi oleh materi antar bintang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(awan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>gas dan debu yang disebut
nebula)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Masa
aktif alam ini sampai kapan?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk planet,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jika
ada perubahan secara fisik </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">planet</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
dan adanya benda yang menabrak dan dapat menghancurkan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">planet tersebut</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk bintang, dengan bermodalkan kekuatan sendiri, maka ketika energinya
habis otomatis bintang itu akan menjadi bintang mati. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">RISYA
HIMAYATIKA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( 122 111 155)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kenapa
ekor komet selalu menjauhi Matahari?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketika
komet menghampiri bagian dalam tata surya, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tepatnya
mendekati matahari</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Arus debu dan gas yang dihasilkan
membentuk suatu atmosfer yang besar tetapi sangat tipis disekeliling komet yang
sering disebut coma. Akibat tekanan radiasi matahari dan angin matahari, pada
bagian coma tersebut terbentuk ekor raksasa yang arahnya menjauhi matahari.
Coma dan ekor komet membalikkan cahaya matahari sehingga dapat dilihat dari
bumi jika jarak komet tersebut cukup dekat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Atau untuk memepermudah kita memahaminya seperti gambaran
bayangan suatu benda yang selalu menjauhi cahaya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">FITRI
KHOLILAH<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( 122 111 050)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apakah
Galaksi mengelilingi objek tertentu?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tahun
1929 Edwin Hubble, ketika itu ahli astronomi di observatorium Mount Wilson,
mengemukakan bahwa berbagai galaksi yang telah diamatinya sebenarnya menjauhi
kita, dan menjauhi yang lain,dengan kecepatan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>sampai beberapa kilometer per detik. Rupanya galaksi-galaksi ini seperti
halnya bimasakti kita, menjaga keutuhan bentuk internnya selama waktu yang
panjang. Galaksi-galaksi itu secara sendiri-sendiri mengarungi angkasa raya,
kira-kira sebagian unit atau partikel yang bergerak mengarungi ruang angkasa.
Kesimpulannya galaksi tidak mengelilingi objek tertentu. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kenapa
ada cincin yang melingkari planet saturnus?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cincin
besar yang melingkari planet saturnus tersusun atas butiran-butiran es
meteorit. Komponen cincin tersebut seperti bebatuan silicon dioksida, oksida
besi,partikel sedan batu. Cincin tersebut<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pertama kali dideteksi oleh Galileo Galilei dengan menggunakan
teleskonya pada tahun 1610.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ada<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dua teori yang berisi tentang asal mula
terbentuknya cincin saturnus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pertama,
pendapat yang dikemukakan oleh ilmuwan bernama Eduord Roche pada abad ke-19. Ia
mengatakan bahwa cincin saturnus berasal dari bulan saturnus yang pecah dan
hancur akibat adanya kekuatan pasang surut.kekuatan tersebut muncul disebabkan
karena bulan mengorbit saturnus dalam jarak terlalu dekat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kedua,
cincin saturnus berasal dari bulan saturnus melainkan dari peninggalan nebula
asal pembentuk saturnus .</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Demikian
jawaban kami dari berbagai pertanyaan audiens. Mohon Maaf bila banyak
kesalahan.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> A. Gunawan
Admiranto,<i> menjelajahi tata surya,</i>Yogyakarta:Kanisius,ed.2,2009,hal.1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Stephen W.
Hawking,<i>teori segala sesuatu,</i>Yogyakarta:Pustaka Pelajar,2007,hal.16</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://galaxycluster.blogspot.com/2011/12/pengertian-galaksi-wikipedia.html">http://galaxycluster.blogspot.com/2011/12/pengertian-galaksi-wikipedia.html</a>
diakses tgl 14 Oktober 2012 jam14:30.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://galaxycluster.blogspot.com/2011/12/pengertian-galaksi-wikipedia.html">http://galaxycluster.blogspot.com/2011/12/pengertian-galaksi-wikipedia.html</a>
diakses tgl 14 Oktober 2012 jam14:30.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Nataresmi Abd
Hanan,<i>perjalanan kosmos memahami alam semesta,</i>Surabaya:Selasar Surabaya
Publishing,2009,hal.52</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://blogbintang.com/pengertian-galaksi-bima-sakti">http://blogbintang.com/pengertian-galaksi-bima-sakti</a>
diakses tanggal 14 Oktober jam 14:33</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://haxims.blogspot.com/2010/05/pengertian-galaksi.html">http://haxims.blogspot.com/2010/05/pengertian-galaksi.html</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diaksese tanggal 14 Oktober jam 14:15.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/">http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diakses tanggal 20 Oktober jam 13: 59</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Slamet Hambali,<i>pengantar
ilmu falak,</i>Banyuwangi:Bismillah Publisher,2012, hal.112</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> A. Gunawan
Admiranto,<i> menjelajahi tata surya,</i>Yogyakarta:Kanisius,ed.2,2009,hal.8</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid hal.8-9</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid hal.21</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://www.ombar.net/2010/04/pengertian-satelit-dan-jenis-satelit.html">http://www.ombar.net/2010/04/pengertian-satelit-dan-jenis-satelit.html</a>
diakses tanggal 20 Oktober<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jam 14:07,
baca pula A. Gunawan Admiranto,<i> menjelajahi tata surya,</i>Yogyakarta:Kanisius,ed.2,2009,hal.24-35..</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid hal 24.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid hal 23.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid hal
24,28,35.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn19" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid 25</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn20" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/">http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/</a>
diakses tanggal 20 Oktober 2012 jam 13: 59.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn21" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Encyclopedia sains,juli 2008,penerbit erlangga hal 189</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn22" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Original
from: <a href="http://www.ombar.net/2010/04/pengertian-satelit-dan-jenis-satelit.html">http://www.ombar.net/2010/04/pengertian-satelit-dan-jenis-satelit.html</a>
diaksese tangal 20 Oktober 2012<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jam
14:07.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn23" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn24" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> ibid</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn25" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Encyclopedia sains,juli 2008,penerbit
erlangga hal 189<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn26" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[26]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>ericksabini.wordpress.com/2012/05/03/<b>fungsi-satelit</b>/</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn27" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[27]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Encyclopedia
sains,juli 2008,penerbit erlangga hal 189</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn28" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[28]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/">http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diaksese tanggal 20 Oktober 2012 jam 13: 59.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn29" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[29]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid.</span></div>
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<div id="ftn30" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[30]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Op.cit. Slamet
Hambali,hal.155</span></div>
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<div id="ftn31" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[31]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid.</span></div>
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<div id="ftn32" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[32]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://duniaastronomi.com/2009/02/materi-antar-bintang/">http://duniaastronomi.com/2009/02/materi-antar-bintang/</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diaksese tanggal 20 Oktober 2012 jam 13:48.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn33" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[33]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15933882782283422136noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8260267593076501753.post-25567779760812569062014-05-05T03:14:00.000+07:002014-05-05T03:14:10.078+07:00perhitungan awal bulan hijriyah (kholasotul wafiah)oleh:<br />
adi misbahul huda<br />lukman<br />
<br />
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<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENDAHULUAN</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Segala
kegiatan manusia tidak mungkin bisa lepas dari waktu. Begitu juga dalam Islam
karena banyak ritualitas dalam islam yang keabsahannya sangat ditentutukan oleh
waktu seperti sholat, zakat, haji dan sebagainya.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Berawal dari itu, maka islam mulai membuat kalender sendiri. Memang pada masa
itu sudah ada kalender masehi. Akan tetapi karena islam mempunyai banyak
ritualitas maka mau tidak mau harus membuat kalender sendiri.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kalender
islam bisa disebut dengan kalender Hijriyah, kalender hijriyah dalam
perhitungannya berdasarkan perjalanan bulan terhadap bumi dan awal bulannya
dimulai apabila setelah terjadi ijtimak matahari tenggelam.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kalender
juga mempunyai arti yang sama dengan penanggalan, alamanak, takwim dan tarikh.
kata kalender sendiri itu berasal dari bahasa latin “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kalendae</i>” yang berarti hari pertama dari setiap bulan.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
Untuk menentukan hari pertama dari setiap bulan (awal bulan) maka dibutuhkan
metode-metode dalam penghitungnya, dan pada saat ini banyak metode-metode yang
sudah disajikan para ulama-ulama terdahulu, akan tetapi disini kami akan
mengulas tentang perhitungan awal bulan hijriyah menggunakan metode yang ada
dalam kitab <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Al-kholasotu Al-Wafiyah fi
Al-Falaki Bijadwali Al-lugaritmiyah </i>karangan Zubair Umar Al-Jailany.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.8pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">RUMUSAN MASALAH</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perhitungan
awal bulan hijriyah “Rajab” 1437 menggunakan<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
</i>metode<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> kholasotul wafiyah</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PEMBAHASAN</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENGERTIAN</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hakiki
taqribi</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hakikiki taqribi merupakan perhitungan
yang menggunakan data bulan dan matahari berdasarkan data dan tabel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ulugh Bek </i>dengan proses perhitungan yang
sederhana. Hisab ini dilakukan hanya dengan cara penambahan, pengurangan,
perkalian, dan pembagian tanpa mempergunakan ilmu ukur segitiga bola (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">spherical trigonometry</i>).<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hakiki
bi tahkik</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hisab hakiki adalah metode yang
dicangkok dari kitab <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">al-mathla’ al-said
Rushd al-Jadid </i>yang berakar dari sistem astronomi serta matematika modern
yang sistem asal muasalnya dari sistem hisab astronom-astronom muslim tempo
dulu dan telah dikembangkan oleh astronom-astronom modern (barat) berdasarkan
penelitian baru. Inti dari sistem ini adalah menghitung atau menentukan posisi
matahari, bulan, dan titik sampul orbit bulan dengan orbit matahari dalam
sistem koordinat ekliptika.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ijtima’</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ijtima’ bisa pula disebut <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">iqtiran</i> merupakan pertemuan atau
bertemunya (berimpitnya) dua benda yang berjalan secara aktif. Pengertian
ijtimak bila dikaitkan dengan bulan baru kamariah adalah suatu peristiwa saat
bulan dan matahari terletak pada posisi garis bujur yang sama, bila dilihat
dari arah timur ataupun arah barat.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PERHITUNGAN
AWAL BULAN QOMARIYAH (RAJAB) 1437 DENGAN KHOLASOTUL WAFIYAH</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagian
1.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metode
hisab hakiki takribi<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">المركز</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">الخاصة</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.3pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">الوسط</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 69.85pt;" valign="top" width="93">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">العلامة</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 14.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.4pt;" valign="top" width="109">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">الحركات</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="10" style="border: none; height: 27.25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.85pt;" valign="top" width="30">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.1pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">’</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">ͦ</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 20.3pt;" valign="top" width="27">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ج</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">’</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">ͦ</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.05pt;" valign="top" width="31">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ج</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">’</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">ͦ</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 20.2pt;" valign="top" width="27">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ج</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">’</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ت</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.75pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">م</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.1pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
32</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">15</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 20.3pt;" valign="top" width="27">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">23</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">24</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.05pt;" valign="top" width="31">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">57</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">27</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 20.2pt;" valign="top" width="27">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.75pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.4pt;" valign="top" width="109">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1430<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.1pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">36</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">25</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 20.3pt;" valign="top" width="27">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">47</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">28</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.05pt;" valign="top" width="31">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">40</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">25</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 20.2pt;" valign="top" width="27">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">51</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.75pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.4pt;" valign="top" width="109">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.1pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">08</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">11</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 20.3pt;" valign="top" width="27">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">3</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">10</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">23</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.05pt;" valign="top" width="31">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">0</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">37</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">23</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 20.2pt;" valign="top" width="27">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">6</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">59</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">5</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.75pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">3</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.4pt;" valign="top" width="109">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1436</span></i></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.1pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">38</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">24</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 20.3pt;" valign="top" width="27">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">54</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.05pt;" valign="top" width="31">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">38</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">24</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 20.2pt;" valign="top" width="27">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">24</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.75pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.4pt;" valign="top" width="109">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">جمادثان<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span dir="LTR" style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.1pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">46</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">05</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 20.3pt;" valign="top" width="27">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">9</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">04</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">28</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.05pt;" valign="top" width="31">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">5</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">15</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">18</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 20.2pt;" valign="top" width="27">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">0</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">23</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">10</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.75pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">5</span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 25.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.4pt;" valign="top" width="109">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 143.6pt;" valign="top" width="191">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">25</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 20.2pt;" valign="top" width="27">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">08</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.75pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 11.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 11.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">50</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 11.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">17</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 11.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 20.2pt;" valign="top" width="27">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">0</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 11.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">08</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 11.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">8</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 11.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 19.75pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">0</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 23.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td colspan="6" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 23.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 143.6pt;" valign="top" width="191">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.3pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">الشمسطول</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 69.85pt;" valign="top" width="93">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">العلامةالمعادلة</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; text-indent: -42.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Catatan:
untuk <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Alamah </i>yang <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Asya’ah</i> (</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ت</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span dir="LTR"></span>) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ditambah
1, dan untuk <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Khosoh </i>yang <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Darojah </i>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">ͦ ) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ditambah
2. Kemudian jika menit lebih besar dari 31 maka dihitung 1 derajad.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">46’
4</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
ta’dilul khosoh</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0</span></u><u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>+<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
ta’dilul markaz</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">47’
4</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Al-bu’du al-ghairu al- mu’addal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5’___<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">x</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">20’</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">55”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>+</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">55”<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>23’</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>1’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0</span></u><u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span></u><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">+<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ta’dilul markaz
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">55”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>24’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= 25’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ta’dilul wasath
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">47’
4</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
ta’dilul ghairu al-mu’addal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0</span></u><u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span></u><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ta’dilu
al-ayyam </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">39’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">45’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1</span></u><u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span></u><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span> x <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">khosotu as-sa’ah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">39’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>3</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">15”
29’____ </span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">+</span><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">15” 08’ 8</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> ta’dilu al-alamah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bulan +4 atau<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>̶ 8</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tanggal<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>̶ 8
atau<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>̶ 9</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0</span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">b</span></sup><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">17</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 50’<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> thulu asy-sams</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">4<sup>b </sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-9<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">+</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">4 <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>8</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">4 menjadi bulan= april</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">8 menjadi tanggal </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tahun = tahun hijriyah (1437) : 33 = 43</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>622
+ 1437 = 2059</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>2059–
43 = 2016</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Maka diperoleh<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>8 April 2016.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Zawal kakbah = 12</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">12 – (-0<sup>j</sup> 2<sup>m </sup>)<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Daqoiq ta’dilu al-zaman (equation)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>12<sup>j<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup>2<sup>m</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u>5<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>15 </u>+</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5<sup>b</sup><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>14<sup>j</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>17<sup>m</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">5 = kamis </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">14<sup>j</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>17<sup>m</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">02<sup>j</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>39<sup>m </sup>18.28<sup>d</sup> </span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">–</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">11<sup>j</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>37<sup>m<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup>41.72<sup>d</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">7<sup>j</sup><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span></span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">+</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">18<sup>j</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>37<sup>m<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup>41.72<sup>d </sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>WIB</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bagian 2.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ghurub </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pantai Marina</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">LS = -6</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 56’ 51.30”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">BT = 110</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 23’ 24.80”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ketinggian 5 meter</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">BT<sup>k</sup> = 39</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 49’ 34.22”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ghurub </span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cos t = Sin h
</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">:</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Cos </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">j</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> : Cos </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>̶<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tan </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">j</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">x
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tan </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">h =
- (k<sub>u</sub> + sd + ref )</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">k<sub>u
</sub>= </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 1.76’ </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">x </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;"><img height="23" src="file:///C:\Users\kacong\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="24" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 03’ 56.13”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">h
=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- (</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 03’ 56.13” + 0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 16’ + 0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 34’)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= 0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 53’ 56.13”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sin </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> = Sin TS x Sin 23</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 27’</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sin </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> = Sin 17</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> x Sin 23</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 27’</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>= 7</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 0’ 0.44”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cos
t = Sin h : Cos </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">j</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> : Cos </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> - Tan </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">j</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> x Tan </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.35pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= Sin </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 53’ 56.13”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> : Cos </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">-6</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 56’ 51.30”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> : Cos 7</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 0’ 0.44” - Tan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">-6</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
56’ 51.30”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> x
Tan 7</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 0’ 0.44”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">= 9</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 3’ 18.22” : 15</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">= 6<sup>j </sup>00<sup>m</sup> 13.21<sup>d</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ð<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menghitung
ghurub</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Magrib
WH = 12 + t</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 127.6pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= 12 + </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">6<sup>j
</sup>00<sup>m</sup> 13.21<sup>d</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 127.6pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">18<sup>j
</sup>00<sup>m</sup> 13.21<sup>d</sup></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">WIB<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>= 12 + t<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>̶<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>e + ( BT<sup>d </sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>̶<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>BT<sup>x</sup>)
: 15</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">17<sup>j
</sup>40<sup>m</sup> 39.56<sup>d</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">BT marina = 110</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 23’ 24.80”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 56.15pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">BT kakbah = <u>39</u></span><u><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span></u><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 49’ 34.22”</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
̶ </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 148.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">= 70</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
33’ 50.58” :15</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 148.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">= 4</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
42’ 15.37”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Zawal Kakbah = 12 + 4</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 42’ 15.37”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 134.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= 16</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 42’ 15.37”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Selisih Maghrib WH – WH marina = 1</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> 17’ 57.84”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dibulatkan menjadi 1<sup>j</sup> 18<sup>m</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Jadi 8 April 2016
ghurub pada pukul 17<sup>j </sup>40<sup>m</sup> 39.56<sup>d </sup>dengan
selisih 1<sup>j</sup> 18<sup>m</sup> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bagian 3.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Hisab kakiki bitahkik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menghitung Thulu
Asy-syams dan Thulu Al-Qomar</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalil Awal</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
= 09<sup>b </sup>01</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 38’ 29”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ð<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ta’dilu
Asy-syams</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">09<sup>b </sup>01</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
= 1</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
55’ 27”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">09<sup>b </sup>02</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
= 1</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
55’ 21”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(b)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
38’ 29”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(c)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Interpolasi = a + c x (b – a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">=
1</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
55’ 23.15”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> (1)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ð<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ta’dilul al-qomar </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">09<sup>b </sup>01</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
= -0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
11’ 16”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">09<sup>b </sup>02</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
= -0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
11’ 15”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(b)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
38’ 29”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(c)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Interpolasi = a + c x (b – a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">=
-0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
11’ 15.36”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
(2)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dalil Tsani</span></u></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Wasatu Al-Qomar =<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">00<sup>b
</sup>18</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
12’ 24”</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Thulu Asy-Syams =<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">00<sup>b
</sup>17</span></u><u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span></u><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 02’ 39”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>-</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>00<sup>b
</sup>01</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>9’ 45”<u> </u></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span><u>00<sup>b
</sup>01</u></span><u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span></u><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>9’ 45”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>+</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>00<sup>b
</sup>02</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>19’ 30”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Khosotu Al-Qomar =<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4<sup>b </sup>22</u></span><u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span></u><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>52’ 22” –</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7<sup>b<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup>09</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>27’ 8”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ð<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ta’dilu
Tsani lil qomar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7<sup>b<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></sup>09</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>=
0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>51’ 15” (a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7<sup>b<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></sup>10</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>=
0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>52’ 21”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(b)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>27’ 8”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(c)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Interpolasi = a + c x (b – a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">=
0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
51’ 44.85”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
(3)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ð<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ta’dilu Al-Khosoh (dari
dali awal)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">09<sup>b </sup>01</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>38’ 29”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">09<sup>b </sup>01</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>=<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>-
0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>23’ 11” (a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">09<sup>b </sup>02</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>=<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>-
0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>23’ 11” (b)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>38’ 29” <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(c)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Interpolasi =<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a + c x (b – a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">=
- 0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
23’ 11”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
(4)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dalil Tsalis</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4<sup>b
</sup>23</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>09’ 41”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ð<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ta’dilu Tsalis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4<sup>b </sup>23</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
=<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>- 4</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0’ 45” (a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4<sup>b </sup>24</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
=<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>- 3</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>55’ 19” (b)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>09’ 41” (c)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Interpolasi =<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a + c x (b – a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">=
- 3</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
59’ 52.39”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
(5)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dalil Rabi’</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.65pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Wasatu Al-Qomar =<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">00<sup>b </sup>15</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4’ 17”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Thulu Asy-Syams =<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">00<sup>b </sup>17</span></u><u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span></u><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2’ 39” –</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalilu Robi’<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>=<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>11<sup>b </sup>28</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1’ 38”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">11<sup>b </sup>28</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>-
0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2’ 27” (a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">11<sup>b </sup>29</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>-
0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1’ 14” (b)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1’ 38” (c)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Interpolasi =<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a + c x (b – a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">=
- 0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
2’ 25.01”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
(6)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ð<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ta’dilul ‘uqdah (dari
dali awal)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">09<sup>b </sup>01</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>38’ 29”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">09<sup>b </sup>01</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>8’ 50” (a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">09<sup>b
</sup>02</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>8’ 49” (b)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>38’ 29” (c)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Interpolasi =<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a + c x (b – a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">=
- 0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
8’ 49.36”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
(7)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dalil Khomis</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.65pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Wasatu Al-Qomar =<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">00<sup>b </sup>15</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>01’ 52”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.65pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Al-
‘Uqdah =<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6<sup>b
</sup>9</span></u><u><span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span></u><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>48’ 59”<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>-</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.65pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalilu
Al-Khomis =<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>6<sup>b </sup>5</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>12’ 53”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ð<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ta’dilul
Khomis =<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>6<sup>b </sup>5</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>12’ 53”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">06<sup>b </sup>05</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>-0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1’ 10” (a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">06<sup>b </sup>06</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>-0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1’ 24” (b)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>12’ 53” (c)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Interpolasi =<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a + c x (b – a)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">= - 0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 1’ 13.01”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> (8)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bagian 4. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Thulu Asy-Syams =<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">00<sup>b
</sup>17</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>02’ 39” (17</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>02’ 39”)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Thulu
Al-Qomar =<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">00<sup>b
</sup>15</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0’ 39” (15</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0’ 39”)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
matahari saat terbenam</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Sin </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> matahari = Sin BM . Sin </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">23</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>27’</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>= </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sin </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">17</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>02’ 39”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
. Sin </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">23</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>27’</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>=
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>41’ 08”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sudut
matahari saat terbenam</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Cos t<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> = Sin h : Cos </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">j</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> : Cos </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> - Tan </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">j</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> . Tan </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; text-indent: -12.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">= Sin </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>53’ 56.13” : Cos -6</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>56’ 51.30” : Cos 6</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>41’ 08” ̶<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Tan -6</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>56’ 51.30” . Tan 6</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>41’ 08”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; text-indent: -12.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">=
90</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5’ 36.52”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Azimut
Matahari</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cot A<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> = Tan </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
. Cos </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">j</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
: Sin t<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>̶<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sin </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">j</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : Tan t</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; text-indent: -12.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">=
Tan 6</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>41’ 08”. Cos -6</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>56’ 51.30” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: Sin 90</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5’ 36.52”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>̶<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sin -6</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>56’ 51.30” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: Tan 90</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5’ 36.52”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; text-indent: -12.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= 83</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>22’ 31.17”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Azimut Matahari = 180</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
+ 83</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>22’ 31.17”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 155.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= 263</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>22’ 31.1” </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">AR
matahari </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cos ARM <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= Cos BM : Cos </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= 15</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>42’ 52.55”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mailu
AL-Awal lil Qomar</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sin MAQ <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= Sin TQ . Sin 23</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>27’</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 23.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= 5</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>54’ 57.4”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cos A<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= Sin<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>23</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>27’ . Cos TQ</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= 67</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>23’ 43.45”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mail
Tsani Lil Qomar</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sin MtsQ <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>= Sin MAQ. Sin A</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">= 5</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>27’ 36.14”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ardh
Al-Qomar</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sin AQ<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>
= Sin 5</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1’ . Sin dalil Khomis (6<sup>b </sup>5</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>12’ 53”)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= Sin 5</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1’ . Sin 185</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>12’ 53”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= -0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>27’ 19.37”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hishah
Al-Bu’d</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">HB = MtsQ + AQ</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">= 5</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>27’ 36.14” + (-0</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>27’ 19.37”)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">=
5</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0’ 16.77”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> bulan </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sin </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> bulan = Cos MAQ
. Sin HB : Cos MtsQ</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 127.6pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=
5</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0’ 2.46”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">j.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">AR Bulan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cos ARB = Cos TQ : Cos </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Bulan </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">= 14</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>10’ 17.29”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">k.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sudut
waktu Bulan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">t bulan = ARM + t Matahari ̶<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ARB</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=
91</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>38’ 11.78”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tinggi Bulan </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sin
Irtifa’ = Sin </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">j</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
. Sin </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
bulan + Cos </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">j</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
. Cos </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Bulan. Cos t Bulan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= -2</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>13’ 22.31”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">m.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Azimut
Bulan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cot A <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>=
Tan </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">d</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Bulan . Cos </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">j</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
: Sin t Bulan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>̶<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">j</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : Tan t Bulan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 142.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 1.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">= 85</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>13’ 49.55”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Az
Bulan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>= 360</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">̶</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">85</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>13’ 49.55”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 142.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 1.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">= 274</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>46’ 10.4”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">n.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Posisi
Bulan = Azimut bulan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>̶<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Azimut Matahari</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= 11</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>23’ 39.3”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Elongasi
Matahari Bulan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 184.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -112.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cos Elongasi hakiki =
Sin h Matahari . Sin h Bulan + Cos h Matahari . Cos h Bulan. Cos Posisi Bulan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 142.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 1.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= 11</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>27’ 59.19”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 6.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -112.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 6.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -112.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 6.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -112.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 6.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -112.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENUTUP</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesimpulan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ijtima’ Awal Rajab 1437 H jatuh pada
pukul 18:43:41.72 hari kamis, tanggal 8 April 2016.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tempat Pantai Marina, Jepara dengan data sebagai
berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tinggi
Hilal Hakiki <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>= -2</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>13’ 22.31”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Azimut Matahari <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>=
263</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>22’ 31.1”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Azimut
Bulan <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>= 274</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>46’ 10.4”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Posisi
Bulan <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>= 11</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>23’ 39.3”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Elongasi
Bulan <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>= 11</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>27’ 59.19” </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hambali, Slamet, Almanak Sepanjang masa sejarah sistem penanggalan
masehi, hijriyah dan Jawa, Semarang: Program Pasca Sarjana IAIN Walisongo,</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Susiknan azhari, ensiklopedi Hisab Rukyat, yogyakarta:pustaka
pelajar, 2008</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nashirudin, Muh, kalender hijriayah universal, semarang: EL-WAFA,
2013 </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Izzuddin, Ahmad, Fiqih Hisab Rukyah, jakarta :penerbit Erlangga,
cetakan I:2007</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Zubair Umar Jailani, <i>Kholasotu Al-Wafiyah Fi Al-Falaki Bijadwali
Al-Lugharitmiyah,</i> Menara Kudus</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> Slamet
Hambali, Almanak Sepanjang masa sejarah sistem penanggalan masehi, hijriyah dan
jawa, semarang: program pasca sarjana IAIN walisongo, hal. 51</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> Susiknan
azhari,ensiklopedi Hisab Rukyat, yogyakarta:pustaka pelajar, 2008 hal. 118</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> Muh.
Nashirudin, kalender hijriayah universal, semarang: EL-WAFA, 2013 hal. 23</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ahmad Izzuddin, Fiqih Hisab Rukyah, jakarta
:penerbit Erlangga, cetakan I:2007, hal.7</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a> Ibid,
halaman 7-8</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a> <i>Loc.cit,
</i>Susiknan azhari, hal. 93.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> Zubair
Umar Jailani, <i>Kholasotu Al-Wafiyah Fi Al-Falaki Bijadwali Al-Lugharitmiyah,</i>
Menara Kudus, hal. 16-18</div>
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<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a> Ibid,
Tahun tam, lihat tabel kholasutul wafiyah halaman 226.</div>
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<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a> Ibid, Tabel
Tahun mabsuthoh, hal. 226 </div>
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<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a> Ibid,
halaman 226.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15933882782283422136noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8260267593076501753.post-63840156428088276902014-05-05T03:02:00.000+07:002014-05-05T03:02:12.510+07:00makalah kompasoleh:<br />
khozinurrohman<br />ianatul fajriyah<br />nurul badriyah<br />
<br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pendahuluan</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">:</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kompas adalah alat penunjuk arah
yang bekerja berdasarkan <i>gaya medan magnet</i>. Pada kompas selalu terdapat
sebuah magnet sebagai komponen utamanya. Magnet tersebut biasanya berbentuk
sebuah jarum penunjuk. Saat magnet penunjuk tersebut berada dalam keadaan
bebas, maka akan mengarah ke utara-selatan <i>magnet bumi</i>. Inilah yang
dijadikan dasar dalam pembuatan kompas dan <i>alat navigasi</i> berbasis medan
magnet yang lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Umumnya kompas terdiri dari </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tiga</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> komponen kompas, yaitu
badan kompas, jarum magnet, dan skala arah mata angin. Badan kompas berfungsi
sebagai pembungkus dan pelindung komponen utama kompas. Jarum magnet dipasang
sedemikian rupa agar bisa berputar bebas secara horizontal. Skala penunjuk
umumnya berupa lingkaran 360° dan arah mata angin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam pembahasan kali ini kita akan
memahami</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> mengenai fungsi, penggunaan, sejarah perkembangan,
jenis-jenis dan cara menentukan deklinasi kompas. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 81.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Rumusan Masalah:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Fungsi dan penggunaan kompas magnetik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sejarah perkembangan kompas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis-jenis kompas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 99.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menentukan deklinasi kompas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 81.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pembahasan:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 74.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Fungsi dan Penggunaan Kompas Magnetik</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kompas merupakan
alat navigasi berupa panah penunjuk magnetis yang menyesuaikan dirinya dengan
medan magnet bumi untuk menunjukkan arah mata angin.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Kompas bekerja berdasarkan medan magnet. Oleh karena itu maka jarumnya akan
selalu menunjuk arah utara-selatan magnetis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Fungsi dan kegunaan
kompas diantaranya adalah untuk mencari arah utara magnetis dan mengukur
besarnya sudut peta.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Arah mata angin
yang dapat ditentukan kompas, diantaranya adalah utara (<i>North</i>), barat (<i>West</i>),
timur (<i>East</i>), selatan (<i>South</i>), barat laut (<i>North West</i>), timur
laut (<i>North East</i>), barat daya (<i>South West</i>), dan juga tenggara (<i>South
East</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penggunaan kompas
ini perlu dijauhkan dari benda-benda logam, pisau, karabiner, jam tangan, dll
karena dapat mempengaruhi jarum kompas sehingga tidak menunjukkah arah utara
sejati bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bagian-bagian
penting kompas diantaranya adalah :<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dial </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">adalah permukaan kompas dimana
tertera angka derajat dan huruf mata angin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Visir</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> adalah lubang dengan kawat
halus untuk membidik sasaran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kaca pembesar</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">, digunakan untuk
melihat derajat kompas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jarum penunjuk</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> adalah alat yang
menunjuk utara selatan magnet, biasanya berwarna merah dan hitam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tutup Dial </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">dengan dua garis
bersudut 45º yang dapat diputar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Alat penyangkut</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> adalah tempat ibu
jari untuk menopang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sedangkan cara
untuk menggunakan kompas adalah :<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Letakkan kompas di atas permukaan yang datar, setelah jarum kompas tidak
bergerak maka jarum tersebut akan menunjukkan utara magnet.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bidik sasaran melalui visir, melalui celah pada kaca pembesar, setelah itu
miringkan kaca pembesar kira-kira bersudut 50º dengan kaca dial. Kaca pembesar
tersebut berfungsi membidik sasaran dan mengintai derajat kompas pada dial.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Apabila visir diragukan karena kurang jelas terlihat dari kaca pembesar,
luruskan garis yang terdapat pada tutup dial ke arah visir, searah dengan
sasaran bidik agar mudah terlihat melalui kaca pembesar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Apabila sasaran bidik 40º, maka bidiklah ke arah 40º. Sebelum menuju
sasaran, tetapkan terlebih dahulu titik sasaran sepanjang jalur 40º. Carilah
sebuah benda yang menonjol atau tinggi diantara benda lain disekitarnya, sebab
rute ke 40º tidak selalu datar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 74.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sejarah Perkembangan Kompas</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pada ranah
sejarahnya, Howard R. Turner menyatakan bahwa pada sekitar abad ke 14 M, kaum
muslimin pembuat peralatan di zaman Utsmani mulai membuat variasi dari
alat-alat yang menggabungkan jam matahari berukuran kecil dengan kompas
magnetik dan sebuah diagram atau peta yang menunjukkan arah Makkah dari
berbagai kota.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a> Lanjut
daripada itu, alat ini pun kemudian berkembang menjadi penunjuk kiblat ukuran
saku yang menunjukkan penggunanya untuk menentukan arah Makkah di suatu area
yang luas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pada awal
perkembangannya, kompas mempunyai pembagian arah mata angin sebanyak 32 buah
dengan garis pembagian 0º sampai 360º. Pembagian ini dinamakan <i>compass rose</i>,
dimana pada tanda arah-arahnya memiliki nama-nama tersendiri. Replika kompas
ini dibuat oleh<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jorge de Aguiar pada
tahun 1492 M. Kini, seiring berjalannya waktu, kompas hanya menggunakan 8 tanda
arah seperti yang telah dijelaskan pada halaman sebelumnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis-jenis kompas</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis-jenis kompas
yang beredar di masyarakat sangatlah beragam. Ada kompas yang digunakan
navigasi darat, yaitu kompas bidik dan kompas <i>orienteering</i>. Kompas bidik,
misalnya prisma, dapat dengan mudah digunakan untuk membidik, akan tetapi dalam
pembacaan di peta perlu dilengkapi dengan busur derajat dan penggaris.
Sedangkan kompas <i>orienteering</i>, misalnya kompas silva, kurang akurat jika
dipakai untuk membidik, akan tetapi kompas ini banyak membantu dalam pembacaan,
perhitungan di peta, untuk pergerakan dan kemudahan ploting peta. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ada pula kompas
magnetik yang digunakan untuk keperluan memandu arah mata angin, yang mana
sistem kerja kompas ini berdasarkan kekuatan magnet bumi yang membuat jarum
magnet selalu menunjuk ke arah utara dan selatan. Kompas magnetik yang memiliki
ketelitian cukup tinggi ini diantaranya adalah jenis <i>Suunto, Forestry
Compass DQL-<sub>1</sub>, Brunton, Marine, Silva, leica, Furuno, </i>dan <i>Magellan</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kelemahan pada
kompas magnetik ini (terutama jenis <i>militarry </i>Compass) adalah begitu
mudah terpengaruh oleh benda-benda yang bermuatan logam, dan juga sangat
dipengaruhi oleh medan magnetik lokal dan deklinasi magnetik secara global. Berbeda
dengan jenis kompas magnetik yang beredar di khalayak ramai, ada pula kompas
yang menggunakan sistem digital seperti yang terdapat di GPS (Global
Positioning System) yang bisa kita gunakan untuk mendapatkan data utara secara
akurat.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Banyak juga kompas
yang beredar di masyarakat dalam bentuk yang terdapat dalam sajadah, gantungan
kunci, atau dalam bentuk lain yang merupakan modifikasi dari alat untuk
memperkirakan arah. Kompas jenis ini sangat riskan digunakan karena jam
magnetisnya bergerak dalam waktu yang cukup lama yang menandakan arahnya kurang
akurat.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menentukan Deklinasi</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Kompas</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kompas adalah alat penunjuk arah
mata angin dengan menggunakan jarum jam yang terdapat padanya.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
Jarum jam kompas ini terbuat dari logam magnetis yang dipasang sedemikian rupa
sehingga bisa bergerak secara otomatis untuk menunjukkan arah utara. hanya saja
arah utara yang ditunjukkan olehnya bukan arah utara sejati (titik kutub
utara), sehingga untuk mendapatkan arah utara sejati perlu perhitungan
ulang(koreksi terhadap kompas arah yang ditunjukkan oleh jarum kompas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam praktek pengukuran arah
kiblat, kompas seringkali digunakan di lapangan. Tapi kenyataanya, kompas
kurang bisa memberikan hasil maksimal atau kurang akurat. Arah yang ditunjukkan
oleh kompas tidak selalu tepat menunjuk ke arah utara sejati (<i>True North</i>).
Ini dikarenakan jarum kompas selalu mengikuti arah medan magnet bumi tidak
selalu menunjukkan arah utara sebenarnya karena kompleksnya pengaruh yang ada
di permukaan bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kutub magnet utara (<i>magnetic
north</i>) memiliki selisih (jarak) dengan kutub utara sejati yang besaranya
berubah-ubah. Selisih itu disebut Variasi Magnet (<i>Magnetic variation</i>)
atau disebut juga Deklinasi Magnetis (<i>Magnetic Declination</i>). Nilai
variasi ini selalu berbeda di setiap waktu dan tempat. Sebagai contoh di Indonesia,
variasi magnet rata rata berkisar antara -1° sampai dengan 4.5°. Selain itu,
sering kali terjadi deviasi (kesalahan dalam membaca jarum kompas yang
disebabkan oleh pengaruh benda benda di sekitar kompas), misalnya besi, baja,
mesin atau alat-alat elektronik (HP,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">MP3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">player,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dsb). Oleh karena itu,
kompas dinilai kurang akurat bila digunakan dalam menentukan arah utara sejati.
Arah utara yang digunakan dalam penentuan arah kiblat adalah arah utara sejati
(<i>True North</i>) bukan arah utara magnet bumi (<i>Magnetic North</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun cara mengoreksi deklinasi
kompas sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Siapkan kompas yang masih dalam keadaan
baik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lakukan koreksi deklinasi magnetik, bisa
dihitung dengan <i>software</i> atau dengan peta <i>deklinasi magnetic</i>,
koreksikan deklinasi magnetik dengan cara menambahkanya pada hasil perhitungan
arah kiblat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cari tempat yang benar-benar datar dan
letakkan kompas di atasnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Baca arah kompas sesuai dengan nilai
arah setelah di koreksi deklinasi magnetiknya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukan
arah utara dengan menggunakan kompas, memiliki beberapa kelemahan, diantaranya:<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kompas
hanya membantu kita untuk mengetahui arah Kutub Utara atau Selatan magnet (<i>magnetic
North</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat
selisih (jarak) antara (<i>magnetic North</i>) dengan (<i>true North</i>) yang
besarnya berubah-ubah seperti di Indonesia variasi magnet rata-rata berkisar
-10 sampai dengan +4.50</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kompas
sangat mudah terpengaruh medan magnet dan medan listrik lingkungan terdekat
sekitar seperti besi,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">baja,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">HP,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">MP3 dan sejenisnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penentuan Arah Kiblat dengan Kompas</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kompas adalah alat penunjuk arah mata angin oleh jarum jam yang ada
padanya.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>
Jarum kompas terbuat dari logam magnetis yang dipasang sedemikian rupa sehingga
dengan mudah bergerak menunjukkan arah utara magnetis. Karena kompas berarah
pada utara magnetis, maka perlu dilakukan koresi deklinasi kompas terhadap arah
jarum kompas sehingga mendapatkan arah utara sejati (true north). Deklinasi
kompas dapat berubah sewaktu-waktu tergantung pada posisi tempat dan waktu,
maka dari itu dalam penggunaannya harus sangat hati-hati dan teliti karena
jarum kompas yang kecil ini sangat peka terhadap daya magnet. Untuk mendapatkan
informasi data tentang deklinasi kompas dapat menghubungi BMG (Badan
Meteorologi & Geofisika).<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pengukuran Arah
Kiblat dengan Kompas:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jika kita telah
mendapatkan nilai arah kiblat yang kita inginkan (misal 24º 42’ 46.34” untuk
daerah Yogyakarta), maka pengukurannya adalah sebagai berikut :<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pilih tempat yang datar dan rata.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menentukan titik arah utara dan titik arah selatan sejati, kemudian arah
tersebut diberi tanda titik. Dalam menentukan titik utara ini kita harus
memperhatikan variasi magnet. Untuk wilayah Indonesia dari barat hingga timur
sebesar -1 Sol +5º. Misalnya untuk Yogyakarta sebesar +0º 45’ yang artinya
titik utara sejati berada di sebelah timur utara magnet (kompas) sebesar 0º
45’.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kedua titik tersebut dihubungkan dengan tali atau benang, sehingga
terbuatlah garis lurus yang menunjukkan titik arah utara da titik arah selatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pada garis atau benang ini dibuat sebuah titik (misalnya titik P).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dari titik P ini ditarik garis lurus ke arah titik barat, kemudian diberi
tanda, misalnya titik B, sehingga menghasilkan garis lurus PB.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada garis PB ini diukur dari titik
P sepanjang satu meter (misalnya), kemudian diberi titik C.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dari titik C dibuat garis yang tegak lurus dengan garis PB ke arah utara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pada garis yang ditarik dari titik C tersebut diukur sepanjang tangen arah
kiblatnya (misalnya untuk Yogyakarta 24º 42’ 46.34” = 0.46 meter), kemudian
diberi titik K.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Antara titik K dengan titik P dibuat garis lurus sehingga terjadi garis PK.
Garis lurus PK inilah yang menunjukkan arah kiblat untuk Yogyakarta.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 81.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kesimpulan</span></b></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ahmad Izzuddin, Ilmu
Falak Praktis, hlm. 65</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">ibid</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid, hlm. 66</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ibid, hlm. 67</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Keakuratan pada jenis kompas digital ini, tetap harus
melakukan kalibrasi.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ibid, hlm. 68</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Hambali Slamet, <i>Ilmu Falak 1</i>,Semarang:Program Pasca Sarjana
IAIN Walisongo,2011, hal.233.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Hambali Slamet,<i>Ilmu Falak 1, </i>op.cit. hal 235.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Muhyiddin Khazin, <i>Ilmu
Falam dalam Teori dan Praktik</i>, hlm. 60.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid, hlm. 59.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15933882782283422136noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8260267593076501753.post-9977320803999001242014-05-05T02:57:00.000+07:002014-05-05T02:57:24.832+07:00makalah tarikh tasri'<!--[if !mso]>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">TARIKH TASYRI’ PADA MASA BANI ABBASIYAH</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Makalah ini
disusun guna memenuhi Tugas </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">TARIKH
TASRI’</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dosen Pengampu
: <b>Drs. H. Maksun, M.Ag.</b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Oleh :</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Rizalludin<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>NIM
: 122111117</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tubagus Mansur<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>NIM :122111012</span></li>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PROGRAM STUDI </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ILMU FALAK</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">FAKULTAS SYARI’AH</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI IAIN WALISONGO </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">SEMARANG</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">2014</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pendahuluan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Latar Belakang</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Setelah kekuasaan ‘Umayyah berakhir, kendali pemerintahan
Islam selanjutnya dipegang oleh Dinasti Abbasiyah. Berbeda dengan Fase
sebelumnya yang ditandai dengan perluasan wilayah, fase ini ditandai dengan
perkembangan Ilmu pengetahuan yang pengaruhnya masih dapat dibuktikan sampai
saat ini.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Fase ini, dalam sejarah hukum Islam, dikenal sebagai fase
keemasan. Khudlari Byk (t.th:4-5) menyebutnya sebagai fase fiqh menjadi ilmu
yang mandiri; T.M. Hasbi ash-Shiddiqi (1967:31-32) menyebutnya sebagai fase
kesempurnaan.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Rumusan Masalah</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Adapun pokok-pokok bahasan pada makalah ini adalah
sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perkembangan dan kondisi hukum islam pada masa Abbasiyyah;</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kodifikasi ilmu pengetahuan;</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sejarah dan latar belakang pembentukan madzhab;</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Madzhab yang terlupakan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pembahasan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perkembangan dan Kondisi Hukum Islam Pada Masa Abbasiyyah</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kekuasaan dinasti Bani Abbas atau khilafah Abbasiyah,
sebagaimana disebutkan melanjutkan kekuasaan dinasti Bani Umayyah. Dinamakan
khilafah Abbasiyah karena para pendiri dan penguasa dinasti ini adalah
keturunan Al-Abbas paman Nabi Muhammad SAW. Dinasti Abbasiyah didirikan oleh
Abdullah Al-Saffah ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Al-Abbas. Kekuasaannya
berlangsung dalam rentang waktu yang panjang, dari tahun 132 H (750M) s.d 656 H
(1258M). Selama dinasti ini berkuasa, pola pemerintahan yang diterapkan berbeda
– beda sesuai dengan perubahan politik, sosial, dan budaya. Berdasarkan
perubahan pola pemerintahan dan politik itu, para sejarawan biasanya membagi
masa pemerintahn Bani Abbasiyah menjadi lima periode :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Periode Pertama ( 132 H/750 M – 232 H/847 M ), disebut pengaruh Persia
pertama.</span></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Periode Kedua ( 232 H/847 M – 334 H/945 M ), disebut
masa pengaruh Turki pertama.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Periode Ketiga ( 334 H/945 M – 447 H/1055 M ),
disebut pengaruh Persia kedua.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Periode Keempat ( 447 H/1055 M – 590 H/1194 M ),
disebut pengaruh Turki kedua.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Periode Kelima ( 590 H/1194 M – 656 H/1258 M ), masa
khalifah bebas dari pengaruh dinasti lain, tetapi kekuasaannya hanya
efektif di sekitar kota Bagdad.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></sup></span></sup></a></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk periode keemasan tasyri’ Islami itu terjadi pada
abad kedua Hijriyah dan berakhir sampai abad keempat Hijriyah atau hampir 250
tahun.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Periode ini disebut juga sebagai periode penghimpunan dan
Ulama – ulama mujtahidin, karena selama periode ini lahirlah gerakan aktifitas
penulisan dan penghimpunan, maka berhasil di himpun : As Sunnah, Fatwa-fatwa
Sahabat ahli fatwa, fatwa-fatwa Tabi’in dan Tabi’it Tabi’in, dan berhasil
disusun tafsir-tafsir Al Qur’an yang luas, dan fiqh Ulama – ulama mujtahidin,
dan juga berbagai risalah tentang ushul fiqh. Dan karena hasil-hasil karya
sejumlah besar ulama – ulama mujtahidin dan pembentuk hukum lahir dalam masa
ini. Serta bangkitlah di kalangan mereka semangat pembentukan hukum, yang
mempunyai pengaruh abadi terhadap perundang-undangan dan istinbath hukum
terhadap hal-hal yang terjadi, dan perkara-perkara yang dimungkinkan terjadi.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></sup></span></sup></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kodifikasi Ilmu Pengetahuan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Puncak perkembangan kebudayaan dan pemikiran islam
terjadi pada masa pemerintahan Bani Abbas. Akan tetapi, tidak berarti
seluruhnya berawal dari kreativitas penguasa Bani Abbas sendiri. Sebagian di
antaranya sudah dimulai sejak kebangkitan Islam. Dalam bidang pendidikan
misalnya, di awal islam lembaga pendidikan sudah mulai berkembang. Ketika itu,
lembaga pendidikan terdiri dari dua tingkat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Lembaga-lembaga ini kemudian berkembang pada masa
pemerintahan Bani Abbas, dengan berdirinya perpustakaan dan akademi.
Perpustakaan pada masa itu lebih merupakan sebuah universitas karena di samping
terdapat kitab-kitab, disana orang juga dapat membaca, menulis dan berdiskusi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perkembangan lembaga pendidikan itu mencerminkan
terjadinya perkembangan dan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan. Hal ini sangat
ditentukan oleh perkembangan bahasa Arab, baik sebagai bahasa administrasi yang
sudah berlaku sejak masa Bani Umayyah, maupun sebagai bahasa ilmu pengetahuan.
Di samping itu, kemajuan itu paling tidak, juga ditentukan oleh dua hal, yaitu
:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Terjadinya asimilasi antara bangsa Arab dengan bangsa-bangsa lain yang
lebih dahulu mengalami perkembangan dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan.</span></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gerakan terjemahan yang berlangsung dalam tiga fase.
Fase pertama, pada masa khalifah Al-Manshur hingga Harun Al-Rasyid. Fase
kedua berlangsung mulai masa khalifah al-ma’mun hingga tahun 300 H. Fase
ketiga berlangsung setelah tahun 300 H.</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pengaruh dari kebudayaan bangsa yang sudah maju tersebut,
terutama melalui gerakan terjemahan, bukan saja membawa kemajuan di bidang ilmu
pengetahuan umum, tetapi juga ilmu pengetahuan agama. Dalam bidang tafsir,
sejak awal sudah dikenal dua metode, penafsiran pertama, tafsir bi al-ma’tsur,
yaitu interpretasi tradisional dengan mengambil interpretasi dari nabi dan para
sahabat. Kedua, tafsir bi al-ra’yi, yaitu metode rasional yang lebih banyak
bertumpu kepada pendapat dan pikiran daripada hadis dan para sahabat. Kedua
metode ini memang berkembang pada masa pemerintahan Bani Abbas. Akan tetapi
jelas sekali bahwa tafsir dengan metode bi al-ra’yi sangat dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan
pemikiran filsafat dan ilmu pengetahuan. Hal yang sama juga terlihat dalam ilmu
fiqih dan terutama dalam ilmu teologi. Perkembangan logika di kalangan umat
islam sangat mempengaruhi perkembangan dua bidang ilmu tersebut.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></sup></span></sup></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Faktor utama yang mendorong perkembangan hukum Islam
adalah berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan di dunia Islam. Berkembang pesatnya ilmu
pengetahuan di dunia Islam disebabkan oleh hal-hal berikut :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Banyaknya mawali yang masuk Islam</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sebagian orang yang daerahnya dikuasai umat Islam menjadi
penganut agama Islam. Kemudian mereka belajar agama Islam di bawah bimbingan
para imam. Di bawah pemerintahan Harun al-Rasyid, dimulailah penerjemahan
buku-buku Yunani ke dalam bahasa Arab. Pada awalnya, upaya penerjemahan di
utamakan pada buku-buku kedokteran, tetapi kemudian dipelajari pula buku-buku
ilmu pengetahuan dan filsafat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berkembangnya pemikiran karena luasnya ilmu pengetahuan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dalam bidang ilmu kalam terjadi perdebatan, setiap
kelompok memiliki cara berfikir tersendiri dalam memahami akidah Islam. Selain
itu, saat itu terjadi pula pertarungan pemikiran antara mutakallimin,
muhadditsin, dan fuqaha.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Adanya upaya umat Islam untuk melestarikan al-Qur’an dengan dua cara, yaitu
dicatat (dikumpulkan dalam mushaf) dan dihafal.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></sup></span></sup></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sejarah dan latar belakang pembentukan madzhab</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Proses lahirnya madzhab adalah usaha p</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ara
pengikut atau pendukung untuk menyebarkan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hasil ijtihad imamnya.
Penyebaran ini dilakukan dengan metode lisan dan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">juga tulis (pembukuan
fiqih). Kemudian, pengikut hasil ijtihad itu semakin banyak,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">membentuk suatu
komunitas dan disebutlah komunitas tersebut bermadzhab imam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ini dan itu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika dilihat dalam sejarah tasyri Islam, madzhab
lahir dari perjalanan yang cukup</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">panjang.
Dimulai dari para sahabat Nabi saw yang fo</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">us
pada ilmu dan hukum, sampai</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kepada
para tabiin di setiap daerah-daerah.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada masa tabi’in dan imam-imam
mujtahid, muncul sederetan ulama dalam jumlah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">yang cukup banyak.
Berbagai kawasan (negeri) Islam dipenuhi dengan ilmu dan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ulama. Banyak diantara
mereka yang mencapai tingkatan mujtahid mutlak. Sebagian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ulama terbaik itu
membuat metode yang digunakan untuk mengenal hukum-hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Akhirnya masing-masing mempunyai murid dan pengikut
yang mengikuti metodenya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metode
ini yang kemudian dinamakan madzhab.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Di Madinah misalnya, banyak nama Tabiin
yang memiliki perhatian besar terhadap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hukum dan ilmu pengetahuan. Misalnya,
Said bin Musayyab, Urwah bin Zubair, Salim</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ibnu Abdillah, Nafi
maula Ibnu Umar, Ibnu Syihab az-Zuhri dan lainnya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Di Makkah, tersebut
nama besar seperti Ibnu Abbas Mujahid ibn Jabir, Ikrimah dan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lainnya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Demikian juga kita temukan nama besar di Kufah dan
Bashrah seperti ‘Alqamah bin</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Qais,
Anas bin Malik, Qatadah ibn Da’aman dan nama besar lainnya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maka tidak heran kalau
dalam literature hukum Islam terdapat istilah madzhab</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aisyah, madzhab Ibn
Mas’ud, dan madzhab tabiin lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Para pemilik nama besar inilah yang sangat berjasa
mengembangkan kegiatan ilmiah dan dengan pegajaran yang mereka lakukan
mendorong munculnya generasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">generasi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">baru yang focus pada
masalah hukum. Generasi baru ini melakukan ijtihad</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dan istinbath hukum
sesuai kebutuhan masyarakat sekitar. Mereka menyebarkan hasil</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ijtihadnya, menulis dan
menjadi rujukan hukum bagi yang memerlukan.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut Thaha Jabir al-Ulwani generasi baru ini
berjumlah 13 aliran</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. Namun, tidak
semua aliran itu dapat diketahui dasar-dasar dan metode <i>istinbath </i>hukumnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Adapun diantara pendiri 13 aliran itu adalah sebagai
berikut</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sufyan bin Uyaynah (w. 198 H) di Makkah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Malik bin Anas (w. 179 H) di Madinah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hasan al-Bashri (w. 110) di Bashrah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Abu Hanifah (w. 150 H) di Kufah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sufyan al-Tsauri (w. 160 H) di Kufah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">al-Auzai (w. 157 H) di Syam</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Abdullah bin Idris as-Syafii (w. 204 H) di Mesir</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">al-Laits bin Saad (w. 175 H) di Mesir</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ishaq bin Ruhawaih (w. 238 H) di Naisabur</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">j.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Abu Tsaur (w. 240 H) di Baghdad</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">k.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ahmad bin Hanbal (w. 241 H) di Baghdad</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Daud adz-Dzhahiri (w. 270) di
Baghdad</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">m.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ibn Jarir at-Thabari (w. 310) di
Baghdad. (Mun’im Sirri, 1995:79-80)</span><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ketiga belas aliran ini pada akhirnya membentuk
madzhab-madzhab tersendiri. Mereka memiliki buku rujukan, memiliki metode
istinbat dan pengikut di masing-masing daerah. Ketiga belas madzhab ini
digolongkan pada komunitas Sunni.</span><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Aliran hukum Islam yang masih terkenal dan masih ada
pengikutnya hingga kini hanya beberapa, di antaranya Hanafiah, Malikiah, Syafi’iah,
dan Hanabilah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Aliran Hanafi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Aliran ini didirikan oleh Abu Hanifah, yang nama
lengkapnya adalah al-Nu’man ibn Tsabit ibn Zuthi (80-150 H). Secara politik,
Abu Hanifah hidup dalam dua generasi. Ia dilahirkan di Kufah pada tahun 80 H;
artinya ia lahir pada zaman Dinasti Umayya, tepatnya pada zaman kekuasaan Abd
al-Malik ibn Marwan (Manna’ al-Qaththan, 1989:202). Beliau meninggal pada zaman
kekuasaan Abbasiah. Ia hidup selama 52 tahun pada zaman Umayyah dan 18 tahun
pada zaman Abbasiah (Ahmad Amin, II, t.th:177;Muhammad Abu Zahrah,t.th:166).<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>
Madzhab ini yang pertama muncul dan di kalangan Madzhab Sunni terkenal dengan
madzhab yang sangat banyak mempergunakan <i>ra’yu</i>.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Abu Hanifah, yang mendirikan mazhab ini, menyatakan,
bahwa ia mendasarkan hukum-hukum yang ditetapkan, pertama-tama kepada
Kitabullah, jika tidak diperolehnya disana, kepada Sunnah Rasul, terutama
kepada Hadis-Hadis Nabi yang masyhur, kemudian barulah ia memilih mana yang ia
suka dari pada ucapan-ucapan sahabat, pertamatama yang bersamaan antara
beberapa orang mereka, dan kemudian juga meskipun kepada ucapan seorang sahabat
saja. Ia berijtihad, jika ia sudah gagal mencari salah satu pendirian dari pada
ucapan Ibrahim An-Nukhai, Asy-Syubi, Ibn Sirin, Al-Hasan dan Ibn Musayyad,
barulah ia berasa dirinya berhak berijtihad memutuskan sesuatu hukum. Acapkali
Abu Hanifah menerima Hadis yang masyhur, jika ia menganggap, bahwa yang
demikian itu lebih baik, lalu dinamakan Istihsan.</span><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diantara imam-imam mujtahid mutlak, Abu Hanifahlah yang
paling banyak mempergunakan qiyas dan istihsan.</span><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[12]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Maka dengan demikian dasar pendirian mazhab Abu Hanifah
ialah : 1. Kitabullah atau Qur'an, 2. As-Sunnah, 3. Al-Ijma', 4. Al- Qiyas, dan
5. Al-Istihsan.</span><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[13]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sesudah tahun 786 mulai Mazhab Hanafi dikenal orang di
Mesir, karena pada waktu itu telah diangkat oleh Khalifah Al-Mahdi seorang
Qadhi Hanafi disana, yaitu Ismail bin Yasa' Al-Kufi. Dialah yang mula-mula
mengembangkan mazhab Hanafi disana, terutama selama kerajaan Islam berada dalam
kekuasaan Khalifah-Khalifah Abbasiyah, berangsur-angsur mazhab ini berkembang
dikota Mesir.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tatkala Mesir dikuasai oleh raja-raja Fathimiyah, masuk
pula kesana mazhab ini tersiar karenanya, tetapi juga kedudukan qadhi
dipengaruhi oleh mazhab itu. Malah pernah mazhab Syi'ah itu menjadi mazhab kerajaan
dengan resmi. Yang dijalankan oleh Pemerintah waktu itu hukum-hukum mazhab ini,
kecuali dalam soal-soal ibadah, masih bebas menjalankannya menurut cara
masing-masing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sebaliknya sesudah pemerintah Mesir kembali kedalam
tangan (Ayyubi), yang sulthan-sulthannya bermazhab Syafi'i, lalu mereka tindas
mazhab Syi'ah itu dengan segala aliran-aliran yang berbau Syi'ah. Tidak hanya
sekian saja, malah mereka mendirikan beberapa banyak sekolahan untuk
ulama-ulama mazhab Syafi'i dan Maliki.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi mendirikan di Cairo sebuah sekolah
untuk mazhab Hanafi, bernama Madrasah As-Salahiyah. Sejak ketika itu bertambah
kuatlah kedudukan mazhab ini ditengah-tengah kota Cairo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pada tahun 1263 oleh Najamuddin Ayyub disusun
pelajaran-pelajaran empat, yaitu Syafi'i, Hanafi, Maliki dan Hambali, sebagai
tindakan untuk membasmi segala aliran-aliran mazhab yang lain. Rancangan
pelajaran ini berjalan dengan baik dalam Madrasah Salahiyah di Cairo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Setelah Mesir jatuh kedalam kekuasaan kerajaan Turki,
maka kedudukan qadhi dan kehakiman tetap kembali dalam tangan pemeluk mazhab
Hanafi. Karena mazhab Hanafi telah menjadi mazhab yang resmi dari kerajaan
(Usmaniyah) Turki dan pembesar-pembesarnya, lalu timbullah keinginan kebanyakan
penduduk hendak menjadi Hanafi, supaya mudah mendapat pangkat qadhi. Meskipun
begitu mazhab ini tidaklah demikian tersebar kedesa-desa dan kehulu-hulu Mesir,
tetapi terbatas didalam kota saja. Begitu corak daerahnya, penduduk desa hulu
Mesir tetap bermazhab Syafi'i.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mazhab Hanafi ini terdapat juga di Algeria, Tunisia dan
Trablus (Tripoli). Selanjutnya pemeluknya banyak terdapat di Syam, Iraq, India,
Afganistan, Turkestan, Kaukasus, Turki, Balkan. Pengikutnya di India ditaksir
kira-kira 48 milyun jiwa, di Brazilia (Amerika Selatan) terdapat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kira-kira
25 ribu jiwa.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Aliran Maliki</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kelahiran Imam Malik (93-179 H.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Malikiah adalah aliran hukum Islam yang didirikan oleh
Imam Malik, yang nama lengkapnya adalah Malik ibn Anas ibn Abi “amar
al-Ashbahi. Ia dilahirkan di Madinah pada tahun 93 H. Tidak berbeda dengan Abu
Hanifah, beliau juga termasuk ulama dua zaman. Ia lahir pada zaman Bani
‘Umayyah, tepatnya pada zaman pemerintahan al-Walid ‘Abd al-Malik (sete;ah Umar
Ibn ‘Abd al-Aziz), dan meninggal pada zaman Bani Abbas, tepatnya pada zaman
Harun al-Rasyid (wafat tahun 179 H.). ia sempat merasakan masa pemerintahan
Umayyah selama 40 Tahun, dan masa pemerintahan Bani Abbas selama 46 tahun.</span><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[15]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berbeda sekali pendirian Abu Hanifah ini dengan pendirian
Malik bin Anas, yang menyusun dasar-dasar untuk penetapan hukum sebagai berikut
: Nas Al-Qur'an, Zahir Al-Qur'an, mafhum pengertiannya yang cocok, dan dalil
yang tidak cocok, Tanbih Al-Qur'an Nas Al-Hadis, Zahir Al-Hadis, Mafhum
Al-Hadis, Dalil Al-Hadis, Tanbih Al-Hadis, Ijma, Qiyas, pekerjaan ulama
Madinah, ucapanucapan sahabat, istihsan, upaya menutup keburukan memelihara
akhlak, istihsan maslahatul mursalah dan syariat umat-umat yang terdahulu.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kita lihat, bahwa Imam Malik ini mempunyai luas sekali
dasar penetapan sesuatu hukum untuk mazhabnya. Yang demikian itu karena ia di
Madinah dan Mekkah dengan mudah ia mencari keterangan-keterangan mengenai
Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah, karena dengan masanya masih terdapat banyak sahabat
terkumpul dan masih hidup disana. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menurut Prof. T.M. Hasbi Ash Shiddieqy, perbedaan mazhab
Maliki dengan mazhab-mazhab yang lain ialah bahwa Imam Malik menjadikan amal
orang-orang Madinah jadi hujjah hukum fiqhnya, karena pada pendapatnya
orang-orang di Madinah itu bersih mengerjakan amal ibadat sebagaimana yang
dilihat pada Nabi dan sahabatsahabat serta orang-orang Islam sekitar kota suci
itu. Ia mendahukan amal orang Madinah itu dari pada qiyas dan dari pada Hadis
yang hanya diriwayatkan oleh seseorang rawi saja, yang biasa dinamakan khabar
uhad. Ulama-ulama fiqh yang lain tidak ada yang menjadikan amal orang-orang
Madinah itu menjadi hujjah agama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perbedaan yang lain pada Malik bin Anas ini kita dapati
dalam dasar penetapan hukumnya, yang dinamakan maslahatul mursalah, yang
artinya menurut Hasan Sya'ab dalam karangannya tersebut diatas ialah membina sesuatu
hukum atas dasar kemashlahatan umum (104), seperti membolehkan orang memukul
pencuri agar ia mengaku kesalahannya. Ulama lain tidak membolehkan pekerjaan
itu. Lain daripada itu Imam Malik juga menjadikan hujjah hukum fatwa-fatwa
sahabat besar, manakala sanad riwayatnya itu sab, bahkan mendahulukan
fatwa-fatwa itu atas qiyas. Pekerjaannya ini sangat mendapat bantahan dari Imam
Al-Ghazali, sebagaimana tsb. dalam kitab Al-Mustasyfa. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Seperkara lagi yang agak berlainan pendirian Malik bin
Anas ini dengan ulama lain, terutama ulama-ulama Hanafi, ialah bahwa ia tidak
menjadikan syarat baik sesuatu hadis dengan sifatnya masyhur, bahkan ia acap
kali menggunakan juga istihsan sebagai Abu Hanifah dan mengutamakan riwayat
Hadis dari penduduk Hejaz.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Malik bin Anas, yang membentuk Mazhab Maliki, hidup di
Madinah antara tahun 710 — 795. Disitu ia belajar dan disitu pula ia mengajar.
Beberapa lama ia menjabat pekerjaan Mufti dan ahli hukum Islam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pemeluknya sekarang terutama terdapat di Afrika Utara
(kecuali Mesir) dan Afrika Tengah. Yang terutama dipelajari orang sebagai kitab
Maliki ialah kitab-kitab „Mudawana", karangan Ibnul Qasim (mgl. 806) dan
„Mukhtasar", karangan Khali Ibn Ishab (mgl. 1365).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diantara orang-orang yang mula-mula memperkenalkan
kitabkitab fiqh mazhab Imam Malik di Mesir kita sebutkan Usman bin Hakam
Al-Jazami, Abdurrahman bin Khalid bin Yazid bin Yahya, Ibn Wahab dan Rasyid bin
Sa'ad, yang meninggal di Alexandria pada tahun 786. Diantara yang giat sekali
menyiarkannya kita sebutkan Abdurrahman bin Qasim, Ashad</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
bin Abdul Aziz, Ibnul Hakam dan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Haris
bin Miskin.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Aliran Syafi’i</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kelahiran Imam Al-Syafi’i (150-204 H.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Nama lengkap Imam Syafi’i adalah Muhammad ibn Idris ibn
al-‘Abbas ibn Utsman ibn Syafi’i ibn al-Sa’ib ibn ‘Ubaid ibn ‘Abd Yazid ibn
Hasyim ibn ‘Abd al-Muthalib ibn ‘abd manaf. Ia dilahirkan di Gazza (suatu
daerah dekat Palestina) pada tahun 150 H., kemudian dibawa oleh ibunya ke
Mekah. Ia meninggal di Mesir pada tahun 204 H.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Imam Syafi'i adalah seorang Mjitahid yang sangat banyak
pengalamannya mengenai cara menulis Fiqh di Iraq, di Hejaz dan kemudian di
Mesir. Mazhab Syafi'i itu terletak diantara dua paham yang sangat berlainan,
yaitu Mazhab Abu Hanifah, yang banyak menggunakan akal, dan Mazhab Malik bin
Anas yang banyak menggunakan nash.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sumber madzhab Syafi’i adalah Al-Qur’an al-Karim, Hadits
yang sahih menurut pandangan beliau. (hadits sahih mutawatir, hadits shahih
ahad, hadis shahih masyhur), Ijma’ para Mujtahid dan Qiyas.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mazhab Syafi'i di Iraq biasa dinamankan Mazhab Qadim, dan
Mazhab Syafi'i di Mesir, biasa disebut orang Mazhab Jadid. Mereka yang berguru kepadanya
di Iraq adalah Az-Za'farani, Al-Karabisi, Abu Tsaur, Ibn Hanbal, Abu Ubaid
Al-Qasim bin Sallam Al-Lughawi, sedang pengikutnya di Mesir yang terkenal ialah
Al-Buwaithi, Al-Majani, Ar-Rabi' Al-Muradi.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mazhab Syafi'i menurut jalan hukum dapat dikatakan
kedudukannya antara paham Mazhab Maliki dan Mazhab Hanafi, jadi antara pemeluk
tradisionil dan rasionil dalam memahamkan Qur'an dan Hadis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pada masa ini yang paling banyak terdapat pemeluk Mazhab
Syafi'i itu ialah di Mesir, Syria, beberapa bahagian tanah Arab dan seluluruh
Indonesia. Dahulu lebih luas lagi daerahnya, tetapi dalam waktu yang akhir ini
banya terdesak oleh paham Mazhab Hanafi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Terutama sesudah tahun 922 M. sangat cepat kelihatan
kemajuan Mazhab ini di Mesir, di Iraq, Khorasan, Daghistan, Tauran, Syam,
Yaman, diaderah-daerah sungai Saihun Jaihun, Persia, Hijaz, India, sebagian
dari Afrika dan Spanyol.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pada mumnya dewasa ini penduduk Mesir itu bermazhab
Syafi'i Perimbangannya dapat kita lihat dalam Azhar yaitu Perguruan Islam
Tinggi di Cairo didirikan dalam tahun 969 oleh Gubernur Jauhar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sejak tahun 1759 sampai tahun 1909 yang menjadi Syeikh
Al-Azhar adalah ulama-ulama Syafi'i. Setelah itu barulah diganti oleh seorang Hanafi,
yaitu Syeikh Muhammad Al-Mahdil Al-abbasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Selanjutnya tidaklah ada ketentuan yang khusus kepada
sesuatu mazhab. tetapi jabatan Syeikh Al-Azhar itu belum pernah dipegang oleh
Mazhab Hambali, karena Mazhab im sedikit sekali pemeluknya di Mesir.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kemudian jabatan Syeikh Al-Azhar itu kembali lagi kepada
Mazhab Syafi'i, yaitu sejak Mahaguru Muhammad Al-Ahmadi menjadi Syeikh
,,Al-Jami" Al-Azhar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Yang mula-mula menyiarkan Mazhab Syafi'i dinegeri
Damaskus ialah Abu Zur'ah Muhammad bin Usman (wafat 826 M) sehingga mazhab itu
berpengaruh disana. Yang terkenal juga namanya dalam mengembangkan aliran itu
disana, ialah Muhammad bin Ismail Al- Qaffal Al-Kabir (wafat 987). Demikianlah
majunya mazhab ini di Baghdad disiarkan oleh Hasan bin Muhammad Al-Za'farani
(wafat 860), sehingga hampir bersaingan dengan Hanafi. Di Marw mazhab ini
disiarkan oleh Ahmad bin Saiyar dan Hafiz Abdullah bin Muhammad.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penyiar di Ghazna dan Khorasan ialah Wajihuddin Abul
Fatah Al-Maruzini dan Abu Uwanah Ya'qub ibn Ishak An-Nisaburi (wafat 938) dan
oleh pemeluk Syafi'i didirikan disana sebuah mesjid yang indah sekali yaitu
pada tahun 1207. Dengan demikian tersebarlah mazsab ini di Timur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sekarang umumnya pemeluk mazhab ini terdapat di Mesir,
Palestina, Armenia, Persia, Ceylon, Indonesia, Cina, Australia, Yaman, Adan,
Hadramaut, Philipina, begitu juga di Hejaz, Syam dan Iraq. Di India terdapat
kira-kira satu milyun jiwa pemeluk Mazhab Syafi'i.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Aliran hanbali</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kelahiran Ahmad ibn Hanbal (164-241 H)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Nama lengkap Ahmad ibn Hnbal adalah Abu ‘Abd Allah Ahmad
ibn Hanbal ibn Hilal ibn Asad al-Syaibani al-Marzawi. Ia dilahirkan di Bagdad
pada tahun 164 H. Beliau dikenal sebagai imam hadis dan memiliki kitab
al-musnad.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dasar mazhabnya terletak atas empat : pertama Nas, kedua
fatwa sahabat, ketiga Hadis (mursal dan dhaif) dan keempat qiyas. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pengikutnya sangat sedikit dan kebanyakan
pengikut-pengikutnya itu tidak mau berijtihad menurut mazhabnya, Ibnu Kaldun
menerangkan, bahwa sebabnya Mazhab Ibn Hanbal kurang tersiar dimuka bumi, ialah
karena sempitnya berijtihad dalam mazhab itu. Mazhab ini lahir di Baghdad
tempat lahirnya Imam Ahmad. Pengaruhnya kelihatan dalam abad ke-IV H .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Di Mesir mazhab ini baru dikenal orang pada abad ke-VII.
Yang membawa mazhab ini kesana ialah pengarang kitab yang bernama „Kitabul
Umbah" yaitu Al-Hafiz Abdul Ghani Al-Makdisi. Mazhab ini tidak tersebut
sebagai mazhab2 yang lain, cuma di Nejid saja. Juga terdapat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
sedikit dari pemeluknya di Kotter dan Bahrain.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Aliran Ja’fari</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mazhab ini didirikan oleh Imam Jafar Shadiq, seorang Tabi'in
tokoh besar, ahli hadis dan mujtahid mutlak, menurut Kulayni antara 83 — 148 H.
sebagai yang sudah kita ceriterakan. Ibunya bernama Farwah anak Al-Qasim anak
cucu dari Abu Bakar As-Siddiq, Khalifah I sesudah Nabi. Konon itu sebabnya maka
Ja'far memakai nama dibelakangnya Sadiq, dan tidak pernah menyerang tiga
Khalifah sebelum Ali bin Abi Thalib.</span><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[24]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dasar-dasar hukum Madzhab ini sebagaimana digambarkan
oleh Muhammad Yusuf Musa, sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">“Pertama, Syi’ah menafsirkan Al-Quran secara sepihak
sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Syiah dan tidak menyukai tafsiran orang lain dan
tidak memegang hadis-hadis selain dari imam mereka; kedua, Syi’ah tidak
menerima, hadis- hadis, ushul atau cabang, kecuali sesuai dengan thariqat imam
mereka karena derajat lebih tinggi dan ketiga, Syiah tidak mempergunakan ijma
dan ra’yu, karena imam mereka lebih ma’sum [terjaga dari salah] dari
berpendapat bahwa sesungguhnya agama tidak diambil, kecuali dari Al-Quran,
Sunnah Rasulullah, dan perkataan para imam ma’sum [imam Syi’ah].”</span><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[25]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Imam Ja'far, dan kemudian menjadi guru-guru besar, dan
imam-imam mazhab yang terpenting, seperti Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Anshari, Ibn
Juraidj, Malik bin Anas, As-Sauri, Ibn Uyaynah, Abu Hanifah, Syu'bah, Abu Ayyub
As-Sajastani dll, yang kemudian mendapat kehormatan dan keutamaan dalam Islam
karena beroleh ilmu daripada Imam Ja'far As-Shadiq (Asad Haidar, I : 9-30).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Golongan Ja'far Sadiq ini biasa dinamai Imamiyyah Itsna
Asyariyah, yaitu suatu golongan Syi'ah yang mengaku, bahwa imam mereka yang sah
terdiri dari 12 orang, sebagaimana yang sudah kita sebutkan dalam pembicaraan
mengenai golongan Syi'ah ini.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Prof. T. M . Hasbi As Shiddieqy dalam kitabnya
"Hukum Islam" (Jakarta, 1962) banyak menulis tentang Syi'ah, dan
berkata tentang Ja'far Sadiq sbb. : „Orang-orang Syi'ah yang menobatkan dia menjadi
imam, tiada memperoleh kepuasan hati dari padanya, karena ia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tidak menghendaki dan tidak menyukai dirinya
dinobatkan itu. Ia ini adalah seorang ulama yang sangat berbakti kepada Allah.
Ia tidak suka diperbudak-budakan kaum Syi'ah. Lantaran demikan, ia dapat
mengarungi samudera hidupnya dengan aman dan tenang, tidak menjadi kebencian
khalifah-khalifah yang menguasai negeri. Dan yang perlu ditegaskan, bahwa ia
ini pemuka dan pentasis fiqh Syi'ah yang kemudian pecah kepada beberapa
mazhab".</span><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[26]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Madzhab mereka tercermin dalam pendapat yang mereka
tuangkan dalam bukubuku mereka, mereka imla`kan pada murid-murid mereka atau
mereka jawab atas pertanyaan dan permintaan fatwa. Kemudian teman-teman dan
murid-murid mereka membawanya (menyebarkannya).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kemudian para pengikut imam inilah yang memiliki peran
besar dalam memperluas ilmu para imam tersebut. Mereka menghafal dan menukilnya
(baca: menyebarkannya). Seandainya mereka tidak melakukan hal itu, niscaya
madzhab mereka akan lenyap. Lihatlah apa yang terjadi pada seorang ulama dari
Mesir, al Muhaddits al Faqih Al Laits bin Sa’d –semoga Allah Ta’aalaa
merahmatinya-. Banyak ulama yang lebih mendahulukan beliau dari Imam Malik.
Namun para pengikutnya tidak memelihara ilmunya. Imam Syafi’i -semoga Allah
Ta’aalaa merahmatinya- berkata: “Al Laits lebih mendalam pemahamannya dari Imam
Malik, namun para pengikutnya tidak menjalankan kewajiban mereka (menjaga dan
memelihara ilmunya).” </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Lihatlah yang dilakukan oleh para pengikut madzhab Imam
Abu Hanifah, mereka juga turut berperan dalam membangun pondasi madzhab
sekaligus mematangkannya. Buku buku Madzhab Hanafiyah menyebutkan bahwa para
pengikut Imam Abu Hanifah yang juga mengarang buku seperti beliau sebanyak
empat puluh orang. Mereka berbeda pendapat dalam menjawab permasalahan.
Kemudian mereka mengajukan jawaban tersebut kepada beliau dan menanyakannya.
Baliaupun menjawab dengan detail. Kemudian mereka membbiarkan masalah tersebut
selama tiga hari setelah itu mereka menuliskannya dalam Diwan. Nampaknya Diwan
yang berisi masalah-masalah fiqih yang merupakan ijtihad Abu Hanifah dan para
pengikutnya itulah mencerminkan pokok-pokok karangan fiqih yang disusun oleh
para pengikut abu Hanifah dikemudian hari.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Buku-buku pegangan Madzhab Hanafiyah tidak membatasi
madzhab pada pendapat Abu Hanif</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ah. Pendapat madzhab
bisa berupa pendapat Abu Hanifah, pendapat Abu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yusuf, pendapat
Muhammad Hasan, pendapat Zufar atau pendapat Hasan bin Ziyad.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi timbulnya
madzhab</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Di samping adanya pengaruh turun temurun dari ulama-ulama
yang hidup sebelumnya tentang timbulnya madzhab tasyri’, ada beberapa faktor
yang mendorong timbulnya madzhab, di antaranya:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1. Karena semakin meluasnya wilayah kekuasaan Islam
sehingga hukum Islampun menghadapi berbagai macam masyarakat yang berbeda-beda
tradisinya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">2. Munculnya ulama-ulama besar pendiri madzhab-madzhab
fiqih berusaha menyebarluaskan pemahamannya dengan mendirikan pusat-pusat study
tentang fiqih, yang diberi nama Al-Madzhab atau Al-Madrasah yang diterjemahkan
oleh bangsa barat menjadi school, kemudian usaha tersebut dijadikan oleh
murid-muridnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">3. Adanya kecenderungan masyarakat Islam ketika memilih
salah satu pendapat dari ulama-ulama madzhab ketika menghadapi masalah hukum.
Sehingga pemerintah (kholifah) merasa perlu menegakkan hukum Islam dalam
pemerintahannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">4. Permasalahan politik, perbedaan pendapat di kalangan
muslim awal trntang masalah politik seperti pengangkatan khalifah-khalifah dari
suku apa, ikut memberikan saham bagi munculnya berbagai</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
madzhab hukum Islam.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[27]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Madzhab yang terlupakan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Madzhab Al-Auzaa’i</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pendirinya Abu Amr Abdurrahman Al-Auzaa’i (88-157
H/707-774 M). Madzhab ini mula-mula diikuti di Syria dan Andalusia. Kemudian
dengan kedatangan Madzhab Maliki atau Syafi’i, Madzhab Auzaa’i tidak lagi
diikuti. <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[28]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Madzhab Dzaahiri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tokoh pendirinya adalah Dawud Ibn Ali (w.270H/883 M)
lahir di Kufah pada awal abad ketiga Hijriyah. Disebut madzhab Dzahiri karena
berpegang kepada <i>dhahir </i>nash Al-Qur’an dan Sunnah. Tidak menerima Ijma
kecuali Ijma shahabat dan tidak menerima qiyas kecuali qiyas nash. Pengikut
yang terkenal adalah Ibnu Hassan yang menyusun kitab fiqhnya berjudul
Al-Muhallas (sebelas juz), dan ushul fiqhnya berjudul <i>Al-Ihkam fii Ushuuli
Ahkam</i> dan lain-lain.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[29]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Madzhab al-Tsawri. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tokoh </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">madzhab ini adalah Abu Abd Allah Sufyan bin Masruq
al-Tsawry. Lahir di Kufah tahun 65 H dan wafat di Bashrah tahun 161 H. Imam
Ahmad menyebutnya sebagai seorang faqih, ketika Ahmad menyebut dirinya hanya
sebagai ahli hadits. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ia berguru pada Ja'far al-Shadiq dan meriwayatkan banyak hadits.
Ayahnya termasuk perawi hadits yang ditsiqatkan Ibn Ma'in. Berkali-kali al-
Manshur mau membunuhnya, tetapi ia berhasil lolos. Ketika ia diminta menjadi
qadhi, ia melarikan diri dan meninggal di tempat pelarian. Pahamnya diikuti
orang sampai abad IV Hijrah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[30]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kesimpulan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk periode keemasan tasyri’ Islami itu terjadi pada
abad kedua Hijriyah dan berakhir sampai abad keempat Hijriyah atau hampir 250
tahun.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berkembang pesatnya ilmu pengetahuan di dunia Islam
disebabkan oleh hal-hal berikut :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Banyaknya mawali yang masuk Islam</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berkembangnya pemikiran karena luasnya ilmu pengetahuan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Adanya upaya umat Islam untuk melestarikan al-Qur’an dengan dua cara, yaitu
dicatat (dikumpulkan dalam mushaf) dan dihafal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Proses lahirnya madzhab adalah usaha p</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ara
pengikut atau pendukung untuk menyebarkan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hasil ijtihad imamnya.
Penyebaran ini dilakukan dengan metode lisan dan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">juga tulis (pembukuan
fiqih). Kemudian, pengikut hasil ijtihad itu semakin banyak,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">membentuk suatu
komunitas dan disebutlah komunitas tersebut bermadzhab imam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ini dan itu.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi timbulnya
madzhab</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Karena semakin meluasnya wilayah kekuasaan Islam sehingga hukum Islampun
menghadapi berbagai macam masyarakat yang berbeda-beda tradisinya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Munculnya ulama-ulama besar pendiri madzhab-madzhab fiqih berusaha
menyebarluaskan pemahamannya dengan mendirikan pusat-pusat study tentang fiqih,
yang diberi nama Al-Madzhab atau Al-Madrasah yang diterjemahkan oleh bangsa barat
menjadi school, kemudian usaha tersebut dijadikan oleh murid-muridnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Adanya kecenderungan masyarakat Islam ketika memilih salah satu pendapat
dari ulama-ulama madzhab ketika menghadapi masalah hukum. Sehingga pemerintah
(kholifah) merasa perlu menegakkan hukum Islam dalam pemerintahannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Permasalahan politik, perbedaan pendapat di kalangan muslim awal trntang
masalah politik seperti pengangkatan khalifah-khalifah dari suku apa, ikut
memberikan saham bagi munculnya berbagai madzhab hukum Islam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Madzhab yang terlupakan: Madzhab Al-Auzaa’i, Madzhab
Dzaahiri, Madzhab al-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tsawri. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penutup</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Demikian makalah ini kami susun, mohon maaf atas segala
kesalahan dalam penulisan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> maupun materi yang kami sajikan, kami berharap adanya
kritik dan saran yang kontruktif demi lebih baik dan sempurnanya makalah yang
kami susun.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Abbas, Siradjuddin, K.H.Sejarah & Keagungan Madzhab
Syafi’i,Jakarta:Pustaka Tarbiyah Baru,2007,cet.15</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Atjeh,. Aboebakar, H. Dr Prof. Ilmu Fiqh Islam dalam Lima
Madzhab,Jakarta: Islamic Research Institute,1977,h.30,Pdf</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Djatnika, Rachmat, H. Dr, Perkembangan Ilmu Fiqh di Dunia
Islam,Jakarta:Proyek Pembinaan Prasarana dan Sarana Perguruan Tinggi Agama,1986</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hasbiyallah, M. AG, H., Perbandingan Madzhab, Direktorat
Jenderal Pendidikan Islam</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><a href="http://leviyamani.blogspot.com/2009/12/imam-imam-mazhab-yang-terlupakan.html"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://leviyamani.blogspot.com/2009/12/imam-imam-mazhab-yang-terlupakan.html</span></a>
diakses pada tanggal 22 April 2014 jam 10:06</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><a href="http://makalah-ibnu.blogspot.com/2009/11/hukum-islam-pada-masa-keemasan-dinasti.html"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://makalah-ibnu.blogspot.com/2009/11/hukum-islam-pada-masa-keemasan-dinasti.html</span></a>
diakses pada tanggal 21 April 2014 jam 22.30</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kementerian Agama RI:Jakarta,2012,h.20,Pdf</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Khallaf, Abul Wahhab, Ikhtisar Sejarah Pembentukan Hukum
Islam, Surabaya : PT Bina Ilmu, 1978</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mubarok, Jaih, Sejarah dan Perkembangan Hukum Islam,
Bandung:PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Yatim, Badri , Sejarah Peradaban Islam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
Jakarta : PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jaih Mubarok,<i> Sejarah
dan Perkembangan Hukum Islam</i>, Bandung:PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2000,h.67</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Badri Yatim, <i>Sejarah Peradaban Islam</i>, Jakarta : PT Raja
Grafindo Persada, 2008.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Abul Wahhab Khallaf, Ikhtisar Sejarah Pembentukan Hukum Islam,
Surabaya : PT Bina Ilmu, 1978. </span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Badri Yatim, <i>op. Cit</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> <a href="http://makalah-ibnu.blogspot.com/2009/11/hukum-islam-pada-masa-keemasan-dinasti.html">http://makalah-ibnu.blogspot.com/2009/11/hukum-islam-pada-masa-keemasan-dinasti.html</a>
diakses pada tanggal 21 April 2014 jam 22.30.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> H. Hasbiyallah, M. AG</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">, <i>Perbandingan
Madzhab,</i></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> <span lang="EN-US">Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan
Islam</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Kementerian Agama RI</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">:Jakarta,2012,h.20,pdf.</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Op.cit, Jaih Mubarok,h.70-71</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Loc.cit, </span><span lang="EN-US">H. Hasbiyallah, M. AG</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">,
h.20</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Loc.cit, Jaih Mubarok,
h.71</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dr. H. Rachmat Djatnika, <i>Perkembangan
Ilmu Fiqh di Dunia Islam,</i>Jakarta:Proyek Pembinaan Prasarana dan Sarana
Perguruan Tinggi Agama,1986,h.15</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Prof. D</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">. H. Aboebakar Atjeh</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">,<i>
Ilmu Fiqh Islam dalam Lima Madzhab,</i>Jakarta:</span><b><span style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">
</span></b><span lang="EN-US">Islamic Research Institute</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">,1977,h.30,Pdf.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid,h.30</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid,h.30</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid,h.30-34</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Op.cit, Jaih Mubarok,h.79</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Op.cit,</span> <span lang="EN-US">Prof. D</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">. H. Aboebakar Atjeh</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">,h.33.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid,h.33-34.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Op.cit, Jaih
Mubarok,h.101</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn19" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">K.H. Siradjuddin Abbas,<i>
Sejarah & Keagungan Madzhab Syafi’i,</i>Jakarta:Pustaka Tarbiyah
Baru,2007,cet.15,h.140.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn20" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Op.cit,</span> <span lang="EN-US">Prof. D</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">. H. Aboebakar Atjeh</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">,h.37-38</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn21" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid, h.40-41.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn22" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Op.cit, Jaih
Mubarok,h.115</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn23" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Op.cit,</span> <span lang="EN-US">Prof. D</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">r</span><span lang="EN-US">. H. Aboebakar Atjeh</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">,h.42</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn24" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid,h.24</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn25" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Op.cit, </span><span lang="EN-US">H. Hasbiyallah, M. AG</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">,h.80</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn26" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[26]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid,h.28-29.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn27" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[27]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Op.cit, </span><span lang="EN-US">H. Hasbiyallah, M. AG</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">,h.22-23.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn28" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[28]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Op.cit, Dr. H. Rachmat
Djatnika,h.21</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn29" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[29]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibid,h.21-22</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn30" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[30]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://leviyamani.blogspot.com/2009/12/imam-imam-mazhab-yang-terlupakan.html"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">http://leviyamani.blogspot.com/2009/12/imam-imam-mazhab-yang-terlupakan.html</span></a></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> diakses pada tanggal 22 April 2014 jam 10:06.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15933882782283422136noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8260267593076501753.post-20321359724486097422014-05-05T02:54:00.000+07:002014-05-05T02:54:01.541+07:00makalah gps (global position system)<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">PENDAHUUAN</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
oleh ibnu taimiyah</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span></b>
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">LATAR BELAKANG</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dewasa ini, kebutuhan untuk mengetahui posisi keberadaan sesorang
dimuka bumi, menentukan arah yang harus ditempuh untuk menuju suatu tempat atau
wilayah, mengetahui letak suatu wilayah, jarak tempuh dan lain-lain menjadi
sangat dibutuhkan dengan semakin meningkatnya mobilitas seseorang dalam
kehidupannya. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui semua itu tidak mungkin bisa dilakukan
oleh individu dalam waktu singkat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Oleh karena itu, para ahli berusaha berusaha menciptakan suatu alat
untuk membantu manusia mempermudah mengetahui semua hal diatas. Hingga pada
akhirnya melahirkan teknologi mutakhir yang mampu memenuhi semua kebutuhan
manusia akan arah dan wilayah, yang disebut dengan teknologi GPS <i>(Global
Positoning System)</i>. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Arah dan posisi suatu wilayah memiliki peranan yang sangat penting
dalam berbagai aktivitas seseorang. Dan seringkali cara yang digunakan untuk
mendapatkannya (sebelum ada GPS) tidaklah praktis. Kehadiran teknologi GPS
telah menjawab tantangan yang ada untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Dengan
teknologi ini manusia dapat mengetahui posisi secara real time dan juga arah
jalan yang dituju.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penemuan dan pengembangan teknologi GPS merupakan terobosan sukses
manusia yang semakin merealisasikan ungkapan “Dunia dalam genggaman manusia”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam makalah kami ini setidaknya akan sedikit mengupas lebih jauh
tentang GPS tersebut. Meliputi sejarah awal pengembangannya, jenis-jenisnya,
beserta contoh tiap jenis GPS tersebut. Dan lain-lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">RUMUSAN MASALAH</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Apa
itu GPS (Global Positioning System)?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bagaimana
awal penemuannya?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jenis-jenis
dan contohnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Beberapa
kegunaan GPS.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengertian dan cara kerja Global Positioning system (GPS)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">GPS atau Global Positioning System ialah sistem untuk menentukan
letak dipermukaan bumi dengan bantuan penyelarasan (<i>synchronization</i>)
sinyal satelit. Sistem ini menggunakan 24 satelit yang mengirimkan sinyal
gelombang <i>mikro</i> ke bumi. Sinyal ini diterima oleh alat penerima di
permukaan, dan digunakan untuk menentukan letak, kecepatan, arah dan waktu. System
ini dibuat dan dikembangkan oleh Amerika Serikat. <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Akan tetapi GPS bukanlah satu-satunya sistem yang bisa digunakan
untuk menentukan posisi di permukaan bumi. Beberapa negara lain juga
mengembangkan sistem serupa meski popularitasnya tidak sebesar GPS. Diantaranya
yang paling terkenal yaitu Rusia dengan GLONASSnya (Global Navigation Satellite
System), Uni Eropa dengan GALILEOnya, China memiliki BAIDU dan India membuat
IRNSS (Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System). Untuk sementara yang
kecanggihannya setara dengan GPS ialah GLONASS buatan Rusia yang juga sama-sama
memiliki 24 satelit yang beroperasi diluar angkasa. Tetapi yang akan kita dalam
makalah ini bahas hanyalah seputar GPS saja.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Secara sederhana cara kerja GPS sebagai berikut, Perangkat GPS
menerima sinyal yang ditransmisikan oleh satelit GPS. Dalam menentukan posisi,
kita membutuhkan paling sedikit 3 satelit untuk penentuan posisi 2 dimensi
(lintang dan bujur) dan 4 satelit untuk penentuan posisi 3 dimensi (lintang,
bujur, dan ketinggian). Semakin banyak satelit yang diperoleh maka akurasi
posisi kita akan semakin tinggi. Untuk mendapatkan sinyal tersebut, perangkat
GPS harus berada di ruang terbuka. Apabila perangkat GPS kita berada dalam
ruangan atau kanopi yang lebat dan daerah kita dikelilingi oleh gedung tinggi
maka sinyal yang diperoleh akan semakin berkurang sehingga akan sukar untuk
menentukan posisi dengan tepat atau bahkan tidak dapat menentukan posisi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perangkat GPS menerima sinyal dari satelit dan kemudian melakukan
perhitungan sehingga pada tampilan umumnya kita dapat mengetahui posisi (dalam
lintang dan bujur), kecepatan, dan waktu. Disamping itu juga informasi tambahan
seperti jarak, dan waktu tempuh. Posisi yang ditampilkan merupakan sistem
referensi geodetik WGS-84 dan waktu merupakan referensi USNO (U.S. Naval
Observatory Time).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">SEJARAH
PENEMUAN GPS</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Amerika Serikat merupakan negara pencetus dan
pemrakarsa GPS. Pada dasarnya, bentuk sistem teknologi GPS sama dengan sistem
navigasi radio pangkalan pusat, seperti LORAN dan Decca Navigator yang
dikembangkan pada tahun 1940-an dan digunakan selama Perang Dunia II. Inspirasi
pembuatan sistem GPS sebenarnya datang dari Uni Soviet yang pada saat itu, tahun
1957, meluncurkan satelit pertama mereka, Sputnik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sebuah tim ilmuwan AS yang dipimpin oleh Dr. Richard B.
Kershner saat itu memonitor transmisi radio Sputnik. Mereka menemukan bahwa
Efek Doppler<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> berpengaruh pada transmisi
radio, di mana sinyal frekuensi yang ditransmisi Sputnik sangat tinggi saat
baru diluncurkan dan semakin rendah seiring dengan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="fullpost">satelit menjauhi
bumi. Mereka menyadari bahwa dengan mengetahui letak bujur lokasi mereka dengan
tepat di peta dunia, mereka mampu melacak posisi satelit tersebut mengorbit
berdasarkan tolak ukur penyimpangan Efek Doppler.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Transit,
satelit sistem navigasi pertama yang digunakan oleh Angkatan Laut AS sukses
diujicobakan pertama kali pada tahun 1960. Sistem yang menggunakan kumpulan
dari lima satelit ini mampu menentukan posisi sekali tiap jamnya. Pada tahun
1967, AL AS mengembangkan satelit Timation yang membuktikan kemampuannya dengan
menetapkan waktu yang akurat di angkasa, merupakan teknologi acuan sistem GPS.
Tahun 1970-an, Sistem Navigasi Omega pangkalan pusat, berdasarkan pembandingan
fase sinyal, menjadi sistem navigasi radio pertama yang meliputi seluruh dunia.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Satelit
percobaan pertama Block-I GPS diluncurkan pada Februari 1978. Satelit-satelit
GPS pertama kali dibuat oleh Rockwell International (sekarang merupakan bagian
dari Boeing) dan sekarang dibuat oleh Lockheed Martin (IIR/IIR-M) dan Boeing
(IIF).</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Timeline:</span></b></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada
tahun 1972, Holloman AFB AS melakukan perbandingan pengujian dua prototipe
penerima GPS di atas White Sand Missile Range, menggunakan satelit tiruan
pangkalan pusat.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tahun
1978, satelit percobaan pertama Block-I GPS diluncurkan.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tahun
1983, setelah pesawat interseptor Rusia menembak pesawat terbang sipil KAL 007
di wilayah udara terlarang Rusia, yang membunuh 269 orang dalam peristiwa
tersebut, presiden AS Ronald Reagan mengumumkan bahwa sistem GPS akan dapat
digunakan oleh rakyat sipil begitu sistem itu selesai dibuat.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tahun
1985, sepuluh satelit percobaan Block-I GPS tambahan diluncurkan untuk
memvalidasi konsep tersebut.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada 14
Februari 1989, satelit modern Block-II pertama diluncurkan.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tahun
1992, Space Wing kedua, yang pada dasarnya mengontrol sistem, di-nonaktifkan
dan diganti dengan Space Wing ke-50.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada
Desember 1993 sistem GPS mampu beroperasi untuk pertama kalinya.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada 17
Januari 1994, konstelasi komplit 24 satelit telah mengorbit.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kemampuan
untuk beroperasi penuh dideklarasikan oleh NAVSTAR pada April 1995.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tahun
1996, menyadari pentingnya GPS bagi rakyat sipil, presiden AS Bill Clinton
mengeluarkan kebijakan langsung yang menyatakan GPS sebagai dual-use system dan
mendirikan Interagency GPS Executive Board untuk mengatur penggunaannya sebagai
aset negara.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tahun
1998, Wakil Presiden AS Al Gore mengumumkan rencana untuk mengupgrade GPS
dengan dua sinyal sipil untuk mempertinggi keakuratan dan keandalan pengguna,
terutama dengan respek terhadap faktor keselamatan penerbangan.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada 2
mei 2000, “Selective Availability” tidak dilanjutkan sebagai hasil dari
Peraturan Pemerintah tahun 1996, memungkinkan pengguna untuk menerima sinyal
tidak bertingkat secara global.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tahun
2004, pemerintah AS menandatangani sebuah perjanjian bersejarah dengan
Komunitas Eropa membangun kerjasama dalam bidang GPS dan rencana sistem Galileo
Eropa.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tahun
2004, presiden AS George W. Bush memperbaharui kebijakan nasional, menggantikan
lembaga eksekutif dengan National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and
Timing Executive Committee.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>November
2004, QUALCOMM mengumumkan keberhasilan menguji aplikasi bantuan sistem GPS
pada telepon genggam.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2005,
satlelit GPS pertama yang dimodernisasi diluncurkan dan mulai mentransmisikan
sinyal sipil kedua (L2C) untuk meningkatkan manfaatnya bagi pengguna.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Peluncuran
terbaru pada 17 Oktober 2007. Satelit GPS tertua yang masih beroperasi diluncurkan
pada 4 Juli 1991 dan mulai dioperasikan pada 30 Agustus 1991.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>14
September 2007, peraturan tentang Sistem Pengendalian Segmen Pusat yang telah
usang digantikan dengan Rencana Evolusi Arsitektur yang baru.</span></span><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="fullpost"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span class="fullpost"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BEBERAPA KEGUNAAN GPS</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Militer</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">GPS digunakan untuk keperluan perang, seperti menuntun arah bom,
atau mengetahui posisi pasukan berada. Dengan cara ini maka kita bisa
mengetahui mana teman, mana lawan untuk menghindari salah target ataupun
menentukan pergerakan pasukan.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Navigasi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">GPS banyak juga digunakan sebagai alat navigasi seperti kompas.
Beberapa jenis kendaraan telah dilengkapi dengan GPS untuk alat bantu navigasi.
Dengan menambahkan peta, maka bisa digunakan untuk memandu pengendara sehingga
pengendara bisa mengetahui jalur mana yang sebaiknya dipilih untuk mencapai
tujuan yang diinginkan.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem
Informasi Geografis</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Untuk keperluan Sistem Informasi Geografis, GPS sering juga
diikutsertakan dalam pembuatan peta, seperti mengukur jarak perbatasan, ataupun
sebagai referensi pengukuran.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pelacak kendaraan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kegunaan lain GPS adalah sebagai pelacak kendaraan. Dengan bantuan
GPS, pemilik kendaraan/pengelola armada bisa mengetahui ada di mana saja
kendaraannya/aset bergeraknya berada saat ini.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pemantau Gempa</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bahkan saat ini, GPS dengan ketelitian tinggi bisa digunakan untuk
memantau pergerakan tanah, yang ordenya hanya milimeter dalam setahun.
Pemantauan pergerakan tanah berguna untuk memperkirakan terjadinya gempa, baik
pergerakan vulkanik ataupun tektonik.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Navigasi
Pesawat Terbang</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kebanyakan sistem penerbangan menggunakan alat GPS biasa dalam
penerbangan, kecuali ketika mendarat dan lepas landas, sama seperti alat
elektronik lain. Larangan penggunaan GPS disebabkan adanya isu keselamatan,
yaitu tidak ingin penumpang memetakan posisinya. Sebaliknya, sebagian
penerbangan juga memasukkan GPS ke dalam sistem hiburan penerbangan. Dengan
pengamatan GPS, maka informasi posisi 3D, kecepatan dan percepatan pesawat
terbang dapat ditentukan secara teliti. Di samping itu GPS juga dapat digunakan
sebagai sistem navigasi pesawat terbang pada saat survey dengan metode real
time DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System).</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penangkapan
Ikan di Perairan Luas</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Trimble memperkenalkan penerima GPS pertama di dunia untuk navigasi
laut pada tahun 1985. Dan seperti yang mungkin kita duga, menavigasikan
perairan dunia menjadi lebih tepat daripada sebelumnya. Saat ini alat penerima
Trimble dapat ditemukan di perahu-pearhu di seluruh dunia, mulai dari perahu
nelayan, kapal kargo pengantar barang, sampai kapal-kapal pesiar mewah. Sebuah
perusahaan penangkapan ikan asal Selandia Baru menggunakan GPS supaya mereka
dapat kembali ke wilayah terbaik untuk menangkap ikan tanpa perlu tersesat
sebelumnya.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dan lain sebagainya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jenis-jenis Global Positioning System</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753" name="_GoBack"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Secara umum kita bisa menganggap GPS
dibagi menjadi 2 tipe:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">GPS Navigasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">GPS
tipe ini harganya cukup murah, sekitar 1-5 juta rupiah, namun ketelitian posisi
yang diberikan saat ini baru dapat mencapai 3-6 meter.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
Yang artinya apabila alat tersebut menunjukkan suatu titik tertentu, maka titik
tersebut berada sekitar 3-6 meter disekitarnya. Berikut beberapa model GPS
navigasi yang banyak beredar dipasaran.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"> GPS tipe ini cocok untuk para
pemula.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">GPS
Geodetik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">GPS
ini mempunyai ketelitian lebih tinggi dari sekedar GPS Navigasi. Ketelitiannya
bahkan sampai milimeter. GPS Geodetic minimal harus menggunakan dua alat waktu
pengukuran untuk mendapatkan ketelitian tinggi. Jadi dalam satu set (pembelian)
GPS Geodetic terdiri dari dua alat. Yaitu yang disebut <i>base station</i> dan <i>rover</i>.<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
Biasanya GPS Geodetik digunakan untuk menentukan batas wilayah suatu negara
atau wilayah, digunakan untuk pemetaan topografi, penentuan titik kontrol
tambang, penentuan titik-titik bor dan lain-lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">GPS
Geodetik sendiri di bagi menjadi 2. Perbedaan keduanya hanyalah tingkat
ketelitiannya saja.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Geodetik
single frekuensi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Untuk tipe ini
ketelitiannya bisa mencapai antara centimeter dan desimeter. Gambarnya bisa
dilihat dibawah ini.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Geodetik
dual frekuensi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">GPS tipe ini
dapat memberikan ketelitian<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>posisi hingga
mencapai milimeter. <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">KESIMPULAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">GPS
atau Global Positioning System ialah sebuah system (bukan alat) yang digunakan
untukmenentukan letak dipermukaan bumi dengan bantuan penyelarasan (<i>synchronization</i>)
sinyal satelit. Sistem ini di buat dan dikelola oleh negara Amerika Serikat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sebenarnya
GPS bukanlah hal baru di zaman modern ini karena pengembangannya sendiri
sebenarnya sudah dimulai sejak tahun 1960-an</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">GPS
bukan satu-satunya sistem untuk menentukan posisi/ letak suatu objek di
permukaan bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ada
setidaknya 2 jenis GPS. Yaitu GPS Navigasi dan GPS Geodetic.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_Pemosisi_Global">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_Pemosisi_Global</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753">file:///C:/Users/BE_NEW/Documents/Global%20Positioning%20System%27GPS%27%20-%20JELAJAH%20JOGJAKARTA%202013.htm</a><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><a href="http://outminds.blogspot.com/2009/10/sejarah-penemuan-global-positioning.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://outminds.blogspot.com/2009/10/sejarah-penemuan-global-positioning.html</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><a href="http://jejak2013kmtg.blogspot.com/2013/01/global-positioning-systemgps.html">http://jejak2013kmtg.blogspot.com/2013/01/global-positioning-systemgps.html</a><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
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<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
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<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_Pemosisi_Global">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_Pemosisi_Global</a>
diakses pd tgl 3 april 2014 jam 01.48</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Efek Doppler</span></b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">, dinamakan
demikian mengikuti nama seorang <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tokoh<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">fisika</span></a><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christian_Andreas_Doppler&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Christian Andreas Doppler (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Christian
Andreas Doppler</span></a><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">, adalah perubahan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frekuensi" title="Frekuensi"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">frekuensi</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">atau<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjang_gelombang" title="Panjang gelombang"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">panjang
gelombang</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">dari sebuah sumber</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">gelombang</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">yang diterima oleh pengamat, jika sumber suara/gelombang
tersebut bergerak relatif terhadap pengamat/pendengar. Untuk gelombang yang
umum dijumpai, seperti gelombang<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suara" title="Suara"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">suara</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">yang menjalar dalam medium udara, perhitungan dari perubahan
frekuensi ini, memerlukan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecepatan" title="Kecepatan"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">kecepatan</span></a><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">pengamat dan kecepatan sumber relatif terhadap medium dimana
gelombang itu disalurkan. Rumus ini ada dua, dimana yang satu tidak dipengaruhi
oleh angin, dan yang satu lagi dipengaruhi oleh angin. Contoh: </span><span style="background: #F9F9F9; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Gelombang suara yang memancar dari sebuah
ambulans akan diterima lebih tinggi/rendah frekuensinya jika ambulans tersebut
mendekati/menjauhi kita.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><a href="http://outminds.blogspot.com/2009/10/sejarah-penemuan-global-positioning.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://outminds.blogspot.com/2009/10/sejarah-penemuan-global-positioning.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></div>
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<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><a href="http://jejak2013kmtg.blogspot.com/2013/01/global-positioning-systemgps.html">http://jejak2013kmtg.blogspot.com/2013/01/global-positioning-systemgps.html</a>
diakses pada tanggal 3 april 2014 jam 18.49</div>
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<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a> Ibid,.</div>
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<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753">file:///C:/Users/BE_NEW/Documents/Global%20Positioning%20System%27GPS%27%20-%20JELAJAH%20JOGJAKARTA%202013.htm</a>
diakses pada tanggal 3 april 2014 pada pukul 20.02 WIB</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15933882782283422136noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8260267593076501753.post-24851182971695013042014-05-04T00:40:00.001+07:002014-05-04T00:41:52.246+07:00alpukat berkualitas<br />
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<br /></div>
alpukat adalah buah yang sangat enak dibuat jus,dan juga bisa untuk kesehatan kulit.<br />
langsung saja pada intinya, kami menawarkan buah alpukat pada perorangan maupun perusahaan yang membutuhkan pasokan besar. anda bisa menghubungi kami melaui email rosyadiews@gmail.com atau bisa datang langsung datang ke alamat kami desa sumberpetung blok kerajan kecamatan ranuyoso kabupaten Lumajang jawatimur atas nama bapak budi.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15933882782283422136noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8260267593076501753.post-82391725253266934262013-04-10T08:37:00.001+07:002013-04-10T08:37:56.675+07:00pak tani vs politikus kancil<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Pak tani VS politikus
kancil</div>
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<br /></div>
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Semua orang pasti tau cerita si kancil, dengan kata-kata
manisnya kancil dapat menipu hewan lainnya yang ada di sekelilingnya.
Kecerdikannya sudah di akui banyak orang namun di balik kecerdikan itu kancil
mempunyai kelicikan yang tertata rapi. Begitu pula di tanah air kita ini, semua
rakyat tahu bahwa kalangan elit politikus itu mempunyai kecerdikan yang luar
biasa.</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kembali menilik cerita
si kancil, ketika si kancil sering mencuri timun pak tani, pak tanipun mulai
kesal, marah, benci, bahkan sampai ingin menangkapnya. Dan pada akhirnya
tertangkap juga oleh pak tani , namun karna si kancil sangat cerdik dan licik
dia mampu keluar dari hukuman pak tani dengan membohongi anjing dengan mulut
manisnya.</div>
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Tak ubahnya dengan para elit di negeri ini, ketika pak
tani tahu hasil panennya di makan para elit dengan diam-diam, pak tani mulai
kesal dengan kelakuan itu. Hampir setiap hari pak tani mencemoh, meledek, bahkan
sampai mengadukan ke jalur hukum. Namun karna kecerdasan yang negatif mereka
bisa bebas dari tuduhan-tuduhan pak tani itu, dan pak tani yang hanya punya
cangkul dan alat bertani lainnya tak mampu berbuat apa namun rasa geram, marah
masih melekat pada jiwa pak tani.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
Ketika rakyat negeri ini berbuat anarkis yang seakan-akan
tak bermoral, jangan salahkan mereka, mereka tak salah. Dan bukan pula rakyat
ini tak mau diajak untuk merubah kelakuannya, namun Mereka sudah lelah
mendengar senandung angin yang di lontarkan para kaum elit itu. Jangan anggap
rakyat dewasa ini sebagai sesuatu yang remeh, mereka juga banyak membantu dalam
kemerdekkan negeri ini bahkan merekalah yang sangat merindu-rindukan
kemerdekaan. Dalam sejarah kemerdekaan negerikita, senjata yang digunakan untuk
melawan belanda bukannya bambu runcing dan begitu pula terjadinya pemberontakan
di ponoegoro mereka adalah rakyat biasa.</div>
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Sangat tidak etis jika ada yang mengatakan rakyat biasa
itu tidak ada artinya, bukankah mereka ikut andil dalam kemerdekaan. bukan
karna keluguannya mereka yang hanya mau di perintah, melainkan mereka merindukan
dari kemerdekaan itu suatu ketenangan, kesejahteraan dan kehidupan yang lebih
baik. Mereka membela tanah air ini sampai merelakan darahnya yang mengalir pada
tubuh mereka hingga menetes ke bumi bukan karna upah yang besar, melainkan
merindukan sebuah janji kesejateraan baginya.</div>
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Ketika negeri ini merdeka, mereka menuggu janji- janji
itu dengan sabar hingga pada saat ini mereka belum menemukan titik terang atas
jawaban yang di nanti-nantinya. Hingga kemerdekaan ini sudah berumur setengah
orang belum ada jawaban yang pasti mereka, bahkan yang ada hanya semilir angin
kepalsuan yang setiap waktu berhembus, namun hembusan angin itu tak pernah mampu
mebawa terbang kapas sekalipun yang paling ringan. Sungguh kekecewaan yang
sangat besar bagi mereka. Hukum di Negara ini tak bertaring lagi, tak bertaring
bukan karena masih bayi dan bukan pula karna udah tua (ompong) tapi, karna
ketidak mauannya untu punya taring.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15933882782283422136noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8260267593076501753.post-58233974911224740672013-04-09T00:10:00.000+07:002014-05-02T22:14:54.750+07:00benda-benda langit<!--[if !mso]>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">BENDA-BENDA LANGIT</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Makalah ini
disusun guna memenuhi Tugas </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Astronomi 1</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dosen Pengampu
: Ahmad Syifaul Anam,SHI, MH</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Oleh :</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo12; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Rizalludin<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>NIM
: 122111117</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo12; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Lukman<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>NIM
:122111067</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo12; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ilmi Mukaromah<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>NIM :122111055</span></li>
</ol>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">KONSENTRASI
ILMU FALAK</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">FAKULTAS SYARI’AH</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI IAIN WALISONGO </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">SEMARANG</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">2012</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sungguh alam
semesta sangat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mengagumkan. Keindahan-
keindahan yang di tampakkannya mempesona sehingga<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>membuat manusia merasa tertantang untuk
menggali keindahan tersebut lebih dalam. Sejak zaman pra sejarah hingga
sekarang manusia tak henti-hentinya mempelajari alam semesta ini di karenakan
rasa keingintahuan misteri di balik keindahan- keindahan alam seemesta.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berangkat dari rasa
ingin tahu tersebut, manusia melakukan banyak penelitian terhadap benda-benda
langit. Sehingga banyak bermunculan teori-teori yang mengkaji tentang alam
semesta. Jika kita mengamati matahari pada siang hari, serta bulan dan bintang
pada malam hari, kita pasti melihat semua benda langit itu bergerak mengitari
bumi. Seolah-olah bumi menjadi pusat alam semesta. Sulit membayangkan bahwa
sebenarnya bumi bukan pusat alam semesta, tetapi menjadi satelit benda langit
yang menurut penglihatan kita bergerak mengitari bumi. Oleh sebab itu, wajarlah
kalau pada awal perkembangan ilmu astronomi, hipotesis yang paling banyak
diterima tentang kedudukan bumi di alam semesta adalah hipotesis geosentris,
bumi adalah pusat alam semesta.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dalam perjalanan
waktu, seiring berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi kemudian diketahui
bumi beserta planet-planet lain mengelilingi matahari. Dan, matahari beserta
planet-planet itu hanya salah satu dari sekian banyak tata surya didalam
galaksi bima sakti.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">RUMUSAN MASALAH</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sebagaimana telah
kita ketahui bahwa begitu banyak benda-benda langit. Karena banyaknya
benda-benda langit sehingga kita tidak tahu satu-persatu nama dan bentuknya.
Maka dari itu kami hanya akan menjelaskan sedikit benda langit yang kami
susun<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dalam rumusan masalah dibawah ini
:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 68.6pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penjelasan galaksi, bentuk dan macamnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 68.6pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penjelasan sistem tata surya kita, planet, satelit, asteroid, meteorid,
materi antar bintang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">GALAKSI</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 38.7pt;">
<img align="left" height="164" hspace="12" src="file:///C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\02\clip_image004.png" width="210" /><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kata galaksi diturunkan
dari istilah bahasa Yunani untuk Milky Way (galaksi kita), galaxias (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">γαλαξίας</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">),
atau kyklos galaktikos. Kata ini berarti "lingkaran susu", sesuai
dengan penampakannya di angkasa. Dinamakan jalan susu karena gugusannya mirip
sebuah alur jalan yang terisi susu atau nampak dipenuhi susu.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> Dalam mitologi Yunani,
Zeus menempatkan anak laki-lakinya yang dilahirkan oleh manusia biasa, bayi
Heracles, pada payudara Hera ketika Hera sedang tidur sehingga bayi tersebut
meminum susunya dan karena itu menjadi manusia abadi. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hera terbangun ketika
sedang menyusui dan kemudian menyadari ia sedang menyusui bayi yang tak
dikenalnya: ia mendorong bayi tersebut dan air susunya menyembur mewarnai
langit malam, menghasilkan pita cahaya tipis yang dikenal dalam bahasa Inggris
sebagai Milky Way (jalan susu)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Galaksi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> menurut wikipedia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sebuah sistem
yang terikat oleh gaya gravitasi yang terdiri atas </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bintang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (dengan segala bentuk
manifestasinya, antara lain bintang neutron dan lubang hitam), gas dan debu
kosmik medium antarbintang, dan kemungkinan substansi hipotetis yang dikenal
dengan materi gelap.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 38.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Galaksi adalah sebuah sistem yang sangat besar, terdiri dari
bintang-bintang dan materi antar </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bintang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Biasanya berisi
beberapa triliun bintang, dengan massa antara beberapa juta hingga beberapa
triliun kali dari matahari kita. Dengan luas beberapa ribu hingga 100.000 tahun
cahaya.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Satu tahun cahaya adalah jarak yang ditempuh cahaya diruang hampa selama satu
tahun, sekitar 9,4 triliun kilometer.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tipe-tipe galaksi berkisar dari galaksi kerdil dengan sepuluh juta
bintang hingga galaksi raksasa dengan satu triliun bintang, semuanya mengorbit
pada pusat</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><span style="color: #1d1d1d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ruang antar galaksi terisi dengan gas yang memiliki kerapatan
massa kurang dari satu atom per meter kubik. Sebagian besar galaksi </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">diorganisasikan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ke dalam sebuah
himpunan yang disebut klaster, untuk kemudian membentuk himpunan yang lebih
besar yang disebut superklaster.Struktur yang lebih besar ini dikelilingi oleh
ruang hampa di dalam alam semesta.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kita hidup dalam
sebuah galaksi spiral raksasa, Galaksi Bima Sakti, dengan diameter 100.000
tahun cahaya dan matahari kita sebagai salah satu dari sekitar 100 miliaran
bintang di galaksi Bima Sakti.</span></div>
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<img align="left" height="141" hspace="12" src="file:///C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\02\clip_image006.png" width="290" /><img align="left" height="139" hspace="12" src="file:///C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\02\clip_image008.png" width="282" /><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jarak antara Matahari
kita dengan pusat galaksi bima sakti sekitar 27.700 tahun cahaya.Dan di pusat
galaksi itu diduga ada lubang hitam </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">supermasif</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (black hole). Dan
tahukah anda tata surya kita hanya baru mengitarinya sebanyak 20–25 kali saja.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hanya tiga galaksi di luar Bima Sakti yang dapat terlihat
dengan mata telanjang.Orang-orang di belahan bumi utara dapat melihat Galaksi
Andromeda, yang berjarak sekitar 2 juta tahun cahaya. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Orang-orang di belahan bumi
selatan bisa melihat Large Magellanic Cloud, yang kurang lebih 160.000 tahun
cahaya dari Bumi, dan Small Magellanic Cloud, yang berjarak sekitar 180.000
tahun cahaya.<br />
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Galaksi terdistribusi
tidak merata di ruang angkasa. Beberapa tidak memiliki tetangga dekat, namun
ada juga yang berpasangan, dengan masing-masing mengorbit yang lain</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.
Tapi kebanyakan dari mereka ditemukan dalam kelompok yang disebut
cluster.Sekelompok galaksi mungkin terdiri dari beberapa lusin hingga beberapa
ribu galaksi.Dengan diameter kira-kira sebesar 10 juta tahun cahaya.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelompok galaksi, pada gilirannya, dikelompokkan dalam
struktur yang lebih besar yang disebut superclusters.Pada skala yang lebih
besar, galaksi tersebut diatur dalam jaringan besar.Jaringan yang saling
berhubungan terdiri dari string atau filamen galaksi relatif kosong sekitar
daerah yang dikenal sebagai void.Salah satu yang terbesar yang pernah memetakan
struktur adalah jaringan galaksi yang dikenal sebagai Tembok Besar.Struktur ini
lebih dari 500 juta tahun cahaya yang panjang dan 200 juta tahun cahaya lebar.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Macam-macam
dan Bentuk-bentuk galaksi</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Galaksi berdasarkan bentuk nya dibedakan
atas tiga jenis utama yaitu Galaksi elliptikal, Galaksi spiral, dan Galaksi tak
beraturan.</span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis galaksi Eliptikal </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">adalah jenis galaksi yang diperkirakan mempunyai bentuk
ellipsoidal dan terlihat lembut karena terang nya cahaya antar bintang, hampir
keseluruhan bentuk fisik nya rata dan terang.Morfologi dari galaksi eliptikal
ternyata sangat bermacam-macam mulai dari yang berbentuk hampir bulat seperti
eplisoidal hingga hampir berbentuk datar.Dengan beraneka macam nya bentuk yang
ada, hal ini ternyata sangat mempengaruhi jumlah dari banyak nya bintang yang
ada didalam sebuah galaksi.Mulai dari ratusan juta bintang hingga lebih dari
satu trilyun bintang.Klasifikasi morfologi eliptikal ini telah diklasifikasikan
oleh Edwin Hubble dalam skema klasifikasi Hubble.<span style="color: #222222;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh
dari jenis Eliptikal galaksi adalah M32, M49 dan M59</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jenis Galaksi Spiral</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah
jenis galaksi yang terdiri atas pusaran bintang dan medium antar bintang dimana
pada garis tengah nya atau pusat galaksi terdiri dari bintang bintang yang
berumur sangat tua. Dilihat dari bentuk nya, galaksi berjenis spiral mempunyai
lengan yang cerah disetiap sisinya. Dalam klasifikasi skema hubble jenis spiral
galaksi diberi daftar dengan kode S(Spiral) dan SB (Barred Spiral) tergantung
dengan bentuk lengan nya kemudian diikuti huruf abjad yang mengindikasikan
tingkat kerapatan antar lengan spiral dan tonjolan pada pusat galaksi. Seperti hal
nya sebuah bintang beserta planet-planet nya, lengan spiral galaksi selalu
memutari pusat dari galaksi dengan kecepatan relatif konstan meskipun waktu
yang dibutuhkan untuk mengelilingi nya sangat lama. Lengan spiral merupakan
daerah pada bagian galaksi yang paling padat materi atau sering disebut “Densiy
Waves”. Dibagian inilah grafitasi antar bintang mulai merapat sehingga semakin
nampak lengan spiral dari sebuah galaksi maka semakin banyak pula jumlah
bintang-bintang dan dibagian inilah tempat dilahirkannya bintang-bintang muda.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh
dari Galaksi jenis spiral adalah M31 (andromeda), M33 (triangulum) dan M51
(Whirlpool)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span><a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<img align="left" height="150" hspace="12" src="file:///C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\02\clip_image010.png" width="313" /><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jenis
galaksi tak beraturan</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> J</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">enis galaksi tak
beraturan yang dimaksud adalah jenis galaksi yang bentuk nya bukan eliptikal
maupun spiral. Pada jenis galaksi ini bentuk dari galaksi sangat bermacam-macam
ada yang disebut “Dwarf” Galaksi atau galaksi cebol yang dikarenakan besar
galaksi ini lebih kecil dari galaksi pada umumnya, Ring Galaksi yaitu galaksi
yang bentuk nya seperti cincin yang mana ditengahnya ada pusat dari galaksi dan
Lentikular galaksi dimana Bentuk dari galaksi ini merupakan perpaduan antara
jenis Eliptikal dan Spiral. Contoh dari jenis Dwarf Galaksi adalah M110, Ring
Galaksi adalah Objek Hoag dan Lentikular </span><img align="left" height="178" hspace="12" src="file:///C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\02\clip_image012.png" width="332" /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">galaksi
adalah NGC 5866.HG</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><img align="left" height="249" hspace="12" src="file:///C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\02\clip_image013.png" width="361" /><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">TATA </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SURYA</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tata surya terdiri dari sebuah
bintang yang disebut matahari dan semua objek yang yang mengelilinginya.
Objek-objek tersebut termasuk sembilan buah planet yang sudah diketahui dengan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">orbit</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> berbentuk elips, meteor, asteroid, komet, planet-planet
kerdil/katai, dan satelit-satelit alami<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tata Surya dan Planet-Planetnya</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Planet diambil dari kata dalam
bahasa Yunani <i>Asteres planetai </i>yang artinya Bintang Pengelana. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dinamakan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> demikian karena berbeda dengan binntang biasa, planet
dari waktu ke waktu terlihat berkelana atau berpindah-pindah dari rasi bintang
yang satu ke rasi bintang yang lain. Perpindahan ini dapat dipahami karena
planet beredar mengelilingi matahari.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>
Dengan melihat orbit planet dari bumi, planet dapat dibagi menjadi dua macam,
yaitu <i>planet inferior </i>dan <i>planet superior.</i> Planet inferior adalah
planet-planet yang orbitnya terletak disebelah dalam orbit bumi, yaitu
Merkurius dan Venus. Planet superior adalah planet yang orbitnya terletak
disebelah luar orbit bumi, yaitu Mars, yupiter, Saturnus, Uranus, Neptunus, dan
Pluto.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dalam orbitya mengelilingi
matahari, plnet-planet inferior tampak berpindah-pindah kedudukannya dilihat
dari bumi. Ini disebabkan konfigurasi planet,bumi dan matahari yang selalu
berubah.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dimensi Tata Surya</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tata surya kita adalah suatu
kelompok benda langit, yaitu matahari dan planet-planetnya yang terdiri dari
merkurius, venus, bumi, mars, yupiter, saturnus, uranus, dan neptunus beserta
165 buah satelit planet yang sudah diketahui sampai sekarang, serta objek-objek
tata surya lainnya, seperti asteroid, planet katai, meteorid, planeteroid,
komet, dan debu antar planet yang bergerak mengikuti hukum-hukum dinamika
newton.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Matahari</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Matahari sesungguhnya adalah
sebuah bintang, tidak jauh berbeda dari bintang-bintang lainyang kelihatan
dilangit malam. Yang membedakannya dari bintang-bintang lain adalah jaraknya
dari bumi. Bintang dilangit berjarak jutaan, bahkan miliaran, kali jarak
matahari ke bumi sehingga cahaya bintang yang sampai dibumi sudah sangat lemah.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dibawah ini adalah sifat-sifat
matahari<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a> :</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Matahari merupakan bintang terdekat dengan bumi yang menjaddi pusat dari
tata surya. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">J</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">arak antara </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">bumi dan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">matahari adalah 150
juta kilometer atau 1 SA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> (Satuan
Astronomi). Satuan Astronomi adalah Jarak rata-rata bumi-matahari dinamakan.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Z</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">at penyusun matahari berupa gas, dengan
komposisi: hydrogen (75%), helium (20%), dan unsur lain (2%).</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu
permukaan Matahari 6000 derajat Celsius dan bagian inti mencapai 15 juta
derajat Celsius.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Matahari
berotasi 25,04 hari dan mempunyai gravitasi 27,9 kali gravitasi Bum</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">i. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Massa
Matahari adalah 333.000 kali massa Bum</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">i.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kerapatan matahari 1,4 gr/cm<sup>3</sup>.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jari-jari matahari 696.000 km.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Matahari
dibagi menjadi 3 bagia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">n<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a>
:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Inti Matahari. Di bagian ini terjadi
reaksi nuklir</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(pengubahan
hydrogen menjadi helium dan energi). Suhunya mencapai 15 juta Kelvin</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. . Inti matahari adalah tempat berlangsungnya reaksi
fusi, yaitu pembentukan unsur-unsur berat dari yang lebih ringan, yang
dimulaindari prosese pembentukan helium dan empat atom hidrogen.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Permukaan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Matahari atau </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bola Matahari/fotosfer</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. Permukaan matahari adalah matahari biasa kita lihat
sehari-hari tenang memancarkan sinarnya atau sinar matahari itu merupakan permukaan
matahari.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Atmosfer Matahari</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> atau Angkasa Matahari </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(terdidi
dari kromosfer dan korona).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Angkasa
matahari adalah bagian matahari yang bisa kita amati secara langsung hanyalah
bagian angkasa atau atmosfer matahari saja.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lapisan
kulit Matahari dibagi menjadi 3,yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Fotosfer </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">adalah bagian
Matahari yang paling mudah kelihatan dari bumi.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kedalamannya 500 Km</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu fotosfer 6.000 Kelvin dan berkurang
menjadi 4.500 Kelvin pada fotosfer bagian lua</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">r.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kromosfer </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">adalah suatu
lapisan yang tipis yang kelihatan jelas sekali saat terjadi gerhata matahari
total.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lapisan kromosfer menjulang 12.000 Km di
atas fotosfer dan memiliki tebal kira-kira 2.400 Km</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu kromosfer bagian atasnya 10.000
Kelvin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 91.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Korona </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(atmosfer Matahari bagian luar)</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">adalah lapisan
terluar angkasa matahari yang sangat renggang. Korona berarti “mahkota”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu korona bagian luar mencapai 2 juta
Kelvin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PLANET</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet adalah suatu benda gelap
yang mengorbit sebuah bintang(Matahari). Pengelompokan planet:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 79.8pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan
dijadikannya Bumi sebagai pembatas;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.4pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet Inferor,yaitu planet yang
orbitnya di dalam orbit Bumi mengitari Matahari.Planet yang termasuk planet
inferior adalah Merkurius dan Venus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.4pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet Superior,yaitu planet yang
orbitnya berada di luar orbit Bumi mengitari Matahari.Planet yang termasuk
planet superior adalah Mars, Yupiter, Saturnus ,Uranus, Neptunus, dan Pluto.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 79.8pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan
dijadikannya lintasan asteroid sebagai pembatas;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet Dalam,yaitu planet yang orbinya
di sebelah dalam lintasan asteroid.Yang tergolong planet dalam adalah
Merkurius, Venus, Bumi, dan Mars.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet Luar,yaitu planet yang orbitnya
di sebelah luar lintasan asteroid.Anggota planet luar adalah Yupiter, Saturnus,
Uranus, Neptunus, dan Pluto.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 79.8pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan
ukuran dan komposisi bahan penyusunnya;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 110.6pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet Terestrial/Kebumian,yaitu planet
yang ukuran dan komposisi penyusunnya (batuan) mirip dengan Bumi.Yang termask
planet terrestrial adalah Merkurius, Venus, Bumi, dan Mars.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 110.6pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet Jovian/Raksasa,yaitu planet yang
sangat besar dan komposisi penyusunnya mirip Yupiter(terdiri dari sebagian
besar es dan gas hydrogen).Yang tergolong dalam planet Jovian adalah Yupiter,
Saturnus, Uranus, dan Neptunus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 79.8pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
Gerakan Planet:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 109.2pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum I Kepler:”Orbit(lintasan dalam
mengitari Matahari) planet berbentuk elips dengan Matahari berada pada salah
satu titik apinya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 109.2pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum II Kepler:”Garis hubung
planet-Matahari akan menyapu daerah yang sama luasnya dalam selang waktu yang
sama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 109.2pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum III Kepler:”Jarak rata-rata planet
ke Matahari pangkat tiga dibagi periode sideris kuadrat merupakan bilangan
konstan” atau “Pangkat dua kala revolusi planet sebanding dengan pangkat tiga
jarak planet ke Matahari.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SATELIT</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
adalah benda yang mengorbit benda lain dengan periode revolusi dan rotasi
tertentu. Ada dua jenis satelit yakni satelit alam dan satelit buatan. <a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Objek
yang bergerak mengelilingi objek lain diruang angkasa disebut satelit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenis-Jenis
Satelit:<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
astronomi adalah satelit yang digunakan untuk mengamati planet, galaksi, dan
objek angkasa lainnya yang jauh.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
komunikasi adalah satelit buatan yang dipasang di angkasa dengan tujuan
telekomunikasi menggunakan radio pada frekuensi gelombang mikro. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kebanyakan
satelit komunikasi menggunakan orbit geosinkron atau orbit geostasioner,
meskipun beberapa tipe terbaru menggunakan satelit pengorbit Bumi rendah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
pengamat Bumi adalah satelit yang dirancang khusus untuk mengamati Bumi dari
orbit, seperti satelit reconnaissance tetapi ditujukan untuk penggunaan
non-militer seperti pengamatan lingkungan, meteorologi, pembuatan peta, dll.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
navigasi adalah satelit yang menggunakan sinyal radio yang disalurkan ke penerima
di permukaan tanah untuk menentukan lokasi sebuah titik dipermukaan bumi. Salah
satu satelit navigasi yang sangat populer adalah GPS milik Amerika Serikat
selain itu ada juga Glonass milik Rusia.Bila pandangan antara satelit dan
penerima di tanah tidak ada gangguan, maka dengan sebuah alat penerima sinyal
satelit (penerima GPS), bisa diperoleh data posisi di suatu tempat dengan
ketelitian beberapa meter dalam waktu nyata.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
mata-mata adalah satelit pengamat Bumi atau satelit komunikasi yang digunakan
untuk tujuan militer atau mata-mata. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Satelit tenaga surya adalah satelit yang
diusulkan dibuat di orbit Bumi tinggi yang menggunakan transmisi tenaga
gelombang mikro untuk menyorotkan tenaga surya kepada antena sangat besar di
Bumi yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan sumber tenaga konvensional.
*Stasiun angkasa adalah struktur buatan manusia yang dirancang sebagai tempat
tinggal manusia di luar angkasa. Stasiun luar angkasa dibedakan dengan pesawat
angkasa lainnya oleh ketiadaan propulsi pesawat angkasa utama atau fasilitas
pendaratan; Dan kendaraan lain digunakan sebagai transportasi dari dan ke
stasiun. Stasiun angkasa dirancang untuk hidup jangka-menengah di orbit, untuk
periode mingguan, bulanan, atau bahkan tahunan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
cuaca adalah satelit yang diguanakan untuk mengamati cuaca dan iklim Bumi.
Satelit miniatur adalah satelit yang ringan dan kecil. Klasifikasi baru dibuat
untuk mengkategorikan satelit-satelit ini: satelit mini (500–200 kg), satelit
mikro (di bawah 200 kg), satelit nano (di bawah 10 kg).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenis-Jenis
Orbit Satelit:<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Banyak
satelit dikategorikan atas ketinggian orbitnya, meskipun sebuah satelit bisa
mengorbit dengan ketinggian berapa pun. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Orbit
Rendah (Low Earth Orbit, LEO): 300 - 1500km di atas permukaan bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Orbit Menengah (Medium Earth Orbit, MEO): 1500
- 36000 km.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Orbit Geosinkron (Geosynchronous Orbit, GSO):
sekitar 36000 km di atas permukaan Bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Orbit Geostasioner (Geostationary Orbit, GEO):
35790 km di atas permukaan Bumi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Orbit
Tinggi (High Earth Orbit, HEO): di atas 36000 km. Orbit berikut adalah orbit
khusus yang juga digunakan untuk mengkategorikan satelit: Orbit Molniya, orbit
satelit dengan perioda orbit 12 jam dan inklinasi sekitar 63°. Orbit
Sunsynchronous, orbit satelit dengan inklinasi dan tinggi tertentu yang selalu
melintas ekuator pada jam lokal yang sama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
Bumi memiliki Diameter 12.756 kilometer Write By : Mr. Hombar Pakpahan Days:
11:51 Categories: News<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[24]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bumi
memiliki satu satelit alami yaitu bulan serta banyak satelit buatan. Uni soviet
meluncurkan satelit buatan pertama , sputnik 1, pada oktober<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1957. Saat ini ribuan satelit mengelilingi
bumi dalam orbit dan pekerjaan yang berbeda, seperti memancarkan sinyal telepon</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">dan siaran tv serta memonitor cuaca.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bagaimana satelit bekerja?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit
dibangun dari material paling ringan, untuk membuatnya meluncur dengan mudah.
Satelit membawa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bermacam instrument
seperti kamera,teleskop,sensor radiasi,dan peralatan radio. Sel panel surya
menyediakan tenaga listrik untuk menyalakan instrumen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">satelit dibuat dari material sangat
ringan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Antena piringan digunakan untuk
mengirimkan dan menerima komunikasi radio dari dan ke bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">panel surya tersusun atas ribuan sel
surya yang mengubah energy pada cahaya matahari menjadi listrik.</span><a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[25]</span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada dua cara kerja satelit yang
sangat fundamental yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Uplink: Transmisi yang dikirim dari
bumi ke satelit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.
Downlink : Transmisi dari satelit ke stasiun bumi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selain itu satelit berfungsi sebagai</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Repeater di langit</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Melihat cuaca dan iklim</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komunikasi siaran radio</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kepentingan militer</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengkaji benda benda langit<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[26]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komunikasi lewat </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">satelit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Stasiun
di bumi menggunakan antena piringan untuk mengarahkannya kembali ke stasiun
bumi lainnya di negara yang sama atau berbeda. Saat ini banyak panggilan
telepon nasional dan internasional, email, serta facsimile ditangani oleh
jaringan satelit komunikasi. Kebanyakan di orbit geostasioner.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[27]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ASTEROID</span></b><a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[28]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Asteroid adalah benda langit
kecil dan padat yang terdapat dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_tata_surya"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sistem tata surya</span></a> k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ita.Asteroid adalah contoh dari
sejenis planet kecil (atau disebut juga</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetoida"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">planetoida</span></a>), namun jauh
lebih kecil dari sebuah planet.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Asteroid
berada dalam sebuah sabuk antara Mars dan Yupiter yang disebut <b>sabuk
asteroid</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selama
200 tahun Ceres dianggap sebagai asteroid terbesar.Namun </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pada</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 23 Agustus 2001, telah ditemukan
asteroid yang lebih besar daripada Ceres.asteroid ini bernama 2001 KX 76,
lintasan orbitnya di dekat Pluto. Asteroid yang paling kecil mempunyai diameter
beberapa puluh meter.Sepuluh asteroid pertama yang ditemukan:</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">No</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nama</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penemu</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diameter(Km)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ceres</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Piazzi,1 Januari 1801</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1003</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pallas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Olbers,28 Maret 1802</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">608</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Juno</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Harding,1 September 1804</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">250</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vesta</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Olbers,29 Maret 1807</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">538</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Astrea</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hencke,8 Desember 1845</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">117</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hebe</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hencke,1 Juli 1847</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">195</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Iris</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hind,13 Agustus 1847</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">209</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Flora</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hind,18 Oktober 1847</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">151</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Metis</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Graham,26 April 1848</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">151</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: inset 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.0pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hygeia</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">De Gasparis,12 April 1849</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: inset 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: inset 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">450</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KOMET</span></b><a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[29]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.7pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">adalah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benda_angkasa&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">benda angkasa</span></a> yang
mirip <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">asteroid</span></a>,
tetapi hampir seluruhnya terbentuk dari gas (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_dioksida"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">karbon dioksida</span></a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metana"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">metana</span></a>,<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">air</span></a>) dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Debu&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">debu</span></a> yang
mem</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">beku.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Menurut
ensklopedi singkat astronomi, komet (yang dalam bahasa Indonesia sering disebut
<i>bintang berekor</i> dan dalam bahasa jawa sering disebut <i>lintang kemukus</i>).<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[30]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet
memiliki orbit atau lintasan yang </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">berbentuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elips"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">elips</span></a>, lebih lonjong dan
panjang daripada orbit <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">planet</span></a>.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753" name="Ciri_fisik"></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.2pt; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ciri
fisik:</span></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1"><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a"><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ketika
komet menghampiri bagian-dalam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Surya"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Tata Surya</span></a>, radiasi
dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matahari"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">matahari</span></a> menyebabkan
lapisan es terluarnya menguap. Arus de</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bu dan gas yang dihasilkan
membentuk suatu atmosfer yang besar tetapi sangat tipis di s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekeliling
komet, disebut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coma&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">coma</span></a>.Akibat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tekanan_radiasi&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tekanan
radiasi</span></a> matahari dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angin_matahari"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">angin
matahari</span></a> pa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">da coma ini, terbentukl</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekor"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ekor</span></a>raksasa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang menjauhi matahari.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Coma
dan ekor komet membalikkan cahaya matahari dan bisa dilihat dari bumi
jika komet itu cukup dekat. Ekor komet berbeda-beda bentuk dan
ukurannya.Semakin dekat komet tersebut dengan matahari, semakin
panjanglah ekornya.Ada juga komet yang tidak berekor.</span><a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753" name="Ciri_orbit"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet bergerak mengelilingi matahari berkali-kali, tetapi
peredarannya memakan waktu yang lama.Komet dibedakankan menurut </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">rent</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">angan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> waktu </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">orbitnya</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.Rentangan waktu pendek adalah kurang dari 200 tahun dan
rentan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">gan waktu yang
panjang adalah lebih dari 200 tahun. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara umumnya bentuk orbit komet adalah elips.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753" name="Komet_terkenal"></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.2pt; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet terkenal</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> :</span></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1"><ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a"><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komet_Halley"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet Halley</span></a>
</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komet_West&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet
West</span></a></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komet_Encke"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet Encke</span></a>, </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komet_Hyakutake"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet
Hyakutake</span></a></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komet_Hale-Bopp&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet
Hale-Bopp</span></a></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.2pt; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dikelompokkan atas:</span></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1"><ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a"><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet periodic</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,yaitu komet yang
penampakannya dapat bilihat dalam selang waktu yang
teratur.Contohnya;komet<i>Halley</i> dengan periode 76 tahun dan
komet <i>Encke</i> dengan periode 3,3 tahun.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet non-periodik</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,<b>yaitu</b> komet yang
tidak dapat dipekirakan penampakannya karena periodenya sangat lama.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[31]</span></span></span></span></a></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">METEOROID,
METEOR DAN METEORIT</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 26.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tiga kata ini kedengarannya seperti sama, ya memang sama,
sama-sama susah diucapkan, tetapi dalam kenyataannya ketiga kata tersebut
memiliki pengertian yang berbeda.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 26.6pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteoroid</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah batuan dalam ruang antar planet yang berukuran
kecil hingga yang berukuran besar sebesar gerbong kereta api.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 26.6pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteor</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah meteoroid yang masuk dalam atmosfer bumi dan
menjadi panas dan berpijar karena gesekan dengan atmosfer Bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 26.6pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteorit</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sisa-sisa meteoroid yang mencapai permukaan
Bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 26.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada
3 macam meteorit yang dikenal,yaitu;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteorit
logam</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,memiliki
unsur nikel dan besi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteorit
batuan</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,memiliki
unsure silkon.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteorit
campuran</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,memiliki
unsu logam dan silikon.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATERI
ANTAR BINTANG<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[32]</span></b></span></span></span></a></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ruang antar bintang tidak sepenuhnya kosong,tetapi
terisi awan gas dan debu yang disebut nebula. Kita bisa melihat nebula saat
mereka bersinar atau ketika memantulkan cahaya dari bintang terdekat. Terkadang
kita tidak bisa melihat nebula,tetapi kita bisa mengatahui keberadaan
mereka.karena mereka menghalangi cahaya bintang dibelakangnya.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara umum terdapat dua jenis penyusun materi antar
bintang, yang pertama adalah debu antar bintang dan yang kedua adalah gas.
Masing-masing jenis materi ini memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda ketika diamati.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 84.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Debu Antar
Bintang</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 84.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Materi ini jauh lebih kecil kelimpahannya
dibandingkan dengan gas antar bintang, namun pengaruhnya terhadap berkas cahaya
visual lebih besar. Hal ini disebabkan ukuran partikelnya yang besar (dalam
orde 1/1000 mm), bandingkan dengan panjang gelombang cahaya tampak (1/20000
mm), sehingga materi ini cenderung untuk menyerap dan menghamburkan berkas
cahaya. Debu antar bintang ini tersusun dari partikel-partikel es, karbon, atau
silikat. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 84.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.7pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Karakteristik debu ini menghasilkan bermacam efek terhadap cahaya
bintang, yang akan dijelaskan sebagai berikut. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nebula
Gelap</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada daerah tertentu di ruang antar bintang yang
memiliki kepadatan debu yang sangat tinggi, sehingga cukup untuk menjadi awan
(nebula) yang kedap cahaya. Walaupun kepadatan partikelnya masih jauh lebih
rendah dari pada di Bumi, namun besarnya awan ini mengakibatkan terhalangnya
cahaya bintang. Celah gelap memanjang di daerah Cygnus dan Horsehead Nebulae
(Kepala Kuda) di Orion adalah contoh nebula gelap, yang menghalangi datangnya
berkas cahaya bintang ke arah pengamat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nebula yang gelap tampak seperti siluet karena
nebula tersebut menghalangi cahaya dari nebula yang bersinar atau bintang
dibelakangnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Efek
Redupan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sekumpulan debu dapat juga memberikan efek
meredupnya cahaya bintang. Besarnya bervariasi, misalnya 1 magnitudo setiap 1
kiloparsek yang ditempuh cahaya tersebut. Hal ini memunculkan permasalahan
ketika akan ditentukan jarak sebuah bintang. Karena dalam menentukan jarak,
diperlukan perbandingan antara magnitudo semu dan mutlak. Harga magnitudo semu
yang didapat akan mengalami kesalahan akibat dari efek redupan tersebut,
sehingga menyebabkan kesalahan pada nilai jarak bintang. Untuk mengatasinya,
perlu diketahui terlebih dahulu seberapa besar efek redupan yang dialami cahaya
bintang tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Efek Pemerahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penghamburan berkas cahaya tidak sama di semua
panjang gelombang. Karena ukuran partikel debu yang kecil, maka hanya gelombang
elektromagnetik yang mempunyai panjang gelombang yang pendek yang lebih terkena
efek penghamburan ini. Artinya, hanya cahaya ungu dan biru yang paling terkena
efeknya. Sementara merah dan jingga tidak mengalami halangan yang berarti
ketika melintasi debu antar bintang. Akibat dari kekurangan cahaya ungu dan
biru ini, cahaya yang sampai di Bumi akan tampak merah. Hal inilah yang disebut
sebagai efek pemerahan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nebula Pantulan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hamburan oleh debu antar bintang, terutama cahaya
biru, terkadang menerangi daerah di sekitarnya. Akibatnya, awan debu antar
bintang ini akan tampak biru karena cahaya bintang di belakangnya melintasi
awan debu ini. Contoh dari nebula pantulan ini adalah gugus bintang Pleiades di
Taurus serta Nebula Trifid di Sagittarius.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 84.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GAS ANTAR
BINTANG</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 84.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Materi utama penyusun gas antar bintang adalah
hidrogen dengan sedikit helium. Kepadatan gas dalam suatu ruang antar bintang
biasanya mencapai 1 atom/cm kubik, sementara di beberapa tempat, kepadatan
partikel gas antar bintang dapat mencapai 10^5 atom/cm3 . Namun kerapatan ini
masih jauh lebih rendah daripada kepadatan gas di Bumi, 10^19 atom/cm3. Nebula
gas ini dibagi menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu daerah H II, H II, dan awan
molekul.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 104.3pt; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daerah H
II, Nebula Emisi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika bintang muda dan panas (golongan B dan O)
terletak dekat dengan nebula gas, maka pancaran ultra ungu dari bintang
tersebut akan mengionisasi gas hidrogen yang terkandung di dalam nebula itu.
Ketika inti atom hidrogen menangkap elektron yang lain, pada saat yang
bersamaan dipancarkan pula radiasi elektromagnetik dalam panjang gelombang
cahaya tampak. Akibatnya, cahaya dari bintang tersebut diubah menjadi cahaya
tampak oleh nebula gas ini. Dan jika dilihat spektrumnya, nebula ini memberikan
garis emisi yang kuat. Contoh nebula jenis ini adalah Nebula Orion di daerah
pedang Orion, Nebula Lagoon dan Nebula Trifid di Sagittarius.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada dua macam lagi nebula emisi yang berbeda dengan
yang disebut di atas. Kedua macam nebula ini dibentuk dalam evolusi bintang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yang pertama adalah planetary nebula, yaitu ketika
sebuah bintang bermassa kecil menjelang evolusi tahap akhirnya, melontarkan
selubung gas yang didorong dari bintang akibat tekanan dari dalamnya. Selama
proses ini, gelombang UV dari bintang meradiasi selubung tersebut, sehingga
terjadi peristiwa yang sama seperti penjelasan sebelumnya. Dan kita dapat
melihat sebuah bintang di tengah-tengah awan gas tersebut. Contoh planetary
nebula jenis ini adalah Nebula Cincin (M57) di rasi Lyra.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yang kedua adalah sisa ledakan supernova. Supernova
adalah peristiwa ledakan bintang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>bermassa besar akibat tekanan yang sangat besar dari bagian pusat
bintang. Gas yang tersisa setelah ledakan tersebut menerima pancaran energi
dari pusat nebula. Contohnya, Cygnus Loop.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 104.3pt; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daerah H I,
Awan Hidrogen Netral</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di daerah awan gas ini, tidak ada sumber gelombang
UV yang dapat mengionisasi hidrogennya. Awan ini gelap, dingin dan transparan.
Pengamatan objek ini bergantung pada sifat yang dimiliki oleh inti atom
hidrogennya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diketahui bahwa pada elektron dan inti pada sebuah
atom memiliki momentum spin. Keduanya dapat memiliki spin yang searah atau
berlawanan. Dalam keadaan spin searah, atom memiliki tingkat energi yang lebih
tinggi daripada spin berlawanan. Jika sebuah atom berada dalam keadaan spin
searah, maka setelah 10^6 tahun atom tersebut akan berubah ke tingkat energi
yang lebih rendah ( spin berlawanan ). Proses ini, disebut ’’electron spin
flop’’, akan menghasilkan pancaran energi pada daerah panjang gelombang radio
(sekitar 21 cm). Maka, pengamatan yang telah dilakukan pun lebih banyak
dilakukan oleh para astronom radio.Pengamatan radio telah menghasilkan penemuan
sejumlah senyawa dalam sebuah awan gas. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari sifat
energi elektromagnetik yang dipancarkan maupun diserap oleh awan gas tersebut.
Diantara yang diketahui adalah molekul-molekul organik, molekul yang menjadi
dasar kehidupan.. Beberapa diantarnya adalah hidroksil radikal, amonia, air,
metil alkohol, metil sianida, formaldehid, hidrogen sianida, dan karbon
monoksida. Kelimpahan molekul-molekul ini jauh lebih kecil dari hidrogen.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[33]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">KESIMPULAN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 25.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dari pemaparan diatas, dapat
kami simpulkan sebagai berikut :</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kata galaksi
diturunkan dari istilah bahasa Yunani untuk Milky Way (galaksi kita), galaxias
(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">γαλαξίας</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">), atau kyklos galaktikos.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Galaksi
menurut wikipedia adalah sebuah sistem yang terikat oleh gaya gravitasi yang
terdiri atas bintang (dengan segala bentuk manifestasinya, antara lain bintang
neutron dan lubang hitam), gas dan debu kosmik medium antarbintang, dan
kemungkinan substansi hipotetis yang dikenal dengan materi gelap.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Macam-macam dan
Bentuk-bentuk galaksi terbagi 3,yaitu </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">galaksi
Eliptikal, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Galaksi Spiral</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> dan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">galaksi tak beraturan.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tata surya terdiri dari sebuah bintang yang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">disebut</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> matahari dan semua objek yang yang mengelilinginya.
Objek-objek tersebut termasuk sembilan buah planet yang sudah diketahui dengan
orbit berbentuk elips, meteor, asteroid, komet, planet-planet kerdil/katai, dan
satelit-satelit alami.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Planet
adalah suatu benda gelap yang mengorbit sebuah bintang(Matahari).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Pengelompokan planet </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">berdasarkan
dijadikannya lintasan asteroid sebagai pembatas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> ada 2, yaitu planet inferior dan planet superior. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan
dijadikannya lintasan asteroid sebagai pembatas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> ada 2, yaitu planet dalam dan planet luar.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satelit adalah benda yang mengorbit
benda lain dengan periode revolusi dan rotasi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tertentu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Ada dua jenis satelit yakni
satelit alam dan satelit buatan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Asteroid adalah
benda langit kecil dan padat yang terdapat dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_tata_surya"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sistem tata surya</span></a> k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ita.Asteroid adalah contoh dari
sejenis planet kecil (atau disebut juga</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetoida"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">planetoida</span></a>), namun jauh
lebih kecil dari sebuah planet.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Asteroid adalah
benda langit kecil dan padat yang terdapat dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_tata_surya"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sistem tata </span><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">surya</span></a> k</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ita.Asteroid adalah contoh dari
sejenis planet kecil (atau disebut juga</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetoida"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">planetoida</span></a>), namun jauh
lebih kecil dari sebuah planet.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Asteroid berada dalam sebuah sabuk
antara Mars dan Yupiter yang disebut <b>sabuk asteroid</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komet adalah
benda angkasa yang mirip asteroid, tetapi hampir seluruhnya terbentuk dari gas
(karbon dioksida, metana,air) dan debu yang membeku.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Komet </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">terkenal</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komet_Halley"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet Halley</span></a></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komet_West&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet West</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komet_Encke"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet Encke</span></a>,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komet_Hyakutake"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet Hyakutake</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komet_Hale-Bopp&action=edit"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Komet
Hale-Bopp</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteoroid</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah batuan dalam ruang
antar planet yang berukuran kecil hingga yang berukuran besar sebesar gerbong
kereta api.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteor</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah meteoroid yang masuk
dalam atmosfer bumi dan menjadi panas dan berpijar karena gesekan dengan
atmosfer Bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meteorit</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sisa-sisa meteoroid
yang mencapai permukaan Bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara
umum terdapat dua jenis penyusun materi antar bintang, yang pertama adalah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">debu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> antar bintang dan yang kedua adalah gas.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Debu Antar Bintang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> memberikan
efek terhadap cahaya bintang : Nebula gelap, efek pemerahan, nebula pantulan
dan efek peredupan. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nebula gas ini dibagi menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu
daerah H II, H II, dan awan molekul.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">V.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PENUTUP</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.75pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Demikian makalah ini kami susun, mohon maaf atas segala
kesalahan dalam penulisan maupun materi yang kami sajikan, kami berharap adanya
kritik dan saran yang kontruktif demi lebih baik dan sempurnanya makalah yang
kami susun.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Admiranto,<i> </i>A. Gunawan,<i>
menjelajahi tata surya,</i>Yogyakarta:Kanisius,ed.2,2009.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Encyclopedia sains,juli 2008,penerbit
erlangga.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ericksabini.wordpress.com/2012/05/03/<b>fungsi-satelit</b>/</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hambali, Slamet<i> ,pengantar ilmu
falak,</i>Banyuwangi:Bismillah Publisher,2012. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hanan, Nataresmi Abd ,<i>perjalanan
kosmos memahami alam semesta,</i>Surabaya:Selasar Surabaya Publishing,2009.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hawking, Stephen W,<i> teori segala
sesuatu,</i>Yogyakarta:Pustaka Pelajar,2007.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://blogbintang.com/pengertian-galaksi-bima-sakti">http://blogbintang.com/pengertian-galaksi-bima-sakti</a>
diakses tanggal 14 Oktober jam 14:33.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://duniaastronomi.com/2009/02/materi-antar-bintang/">http://duniaastronomi.com/2009/02/materi-antar-bintang/</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diaksese tanggal 20 Oktober 2012 jam 13:48.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://galaxycluster.blogspot.com/2011/12/pengertian-galaksi-wikipedia.html">http://galaxycluster.blogspot.com/2011/12/pengertian-galaksi-wikipedia.html</a>
diakses tgl 14 Oktober 2012 jam14:30.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://haxims.blogspot.com/2010/05/pengertian-galaksi.html">http://haxims.blogspot.com/2010/05/pengertian-galaksi.html</a>
diakses tanggal 14 Oktober jam 14:15.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/">http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diakses tanggal 20 Oktober jam 13: 59.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Originalfrom: <a href="http://www.ombar.net/2010/04/pengertian-satelit-dan-jenis-satelit.html">http://www.ombar.net/2010/04/pengertian-satelit-dan-jenis-satelit.html</a>
diaksese tangal 20 Oktober<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2012<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jam 14:07.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelompok
6</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmi
Mukaromah</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(
122 111 055)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lukman<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(
122 111 067)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rizaluddin<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(
122 111 117)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berikut ini akan kami paparkan pertanyaan dan jawaban
selama diskusi mata kuliah astronomi I :</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IMAM
QUSHTOLANI<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( 122 111 002)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apa
perbedaan sinar UV dan Gelombang UV? Jelaskan!</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Definisi singkat dari keduanya, yaitu yang dimaksud sinar
adalah suatu gelombang yang berbentuk cahaya sehingga dapat terlihat oleh mata.
Sedangkan gelombang itu sendiri adalah suatu gelombang yang hanya dapat
dirasakan manfaatnya tetapi tidak dapat dilihat oleh mata. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jadi </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sinar UV itu yang
terlihat, terasa oleh panca indra. Hal ini diserupakan dengan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bunyi. Untuk sampai ke alam ini sinar UV </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pastinya disertai</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
dengan gelombang yang mengantarkannya namun </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">gelombang
tersebut </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tidak terlihat oleh oleh mata .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ZUL
AMRI FATINUL INSHAFI<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( 122 111 133)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apa
syarat-syarat disebut planet?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Massa
ditentukan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Orbit
yang jelas</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak
memotong orbit planet<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lain</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berikut
spesifikasi dari planet antara lain</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Massa,diameter,
massa jenis, volume, luas permukaan, jari-jari rata-rata,kecepatan orbit
rata-rata, kecepatan rotasi,gravitasi di permukaan khatulistiwa,kecepatan lepas,
dsuhu permukaan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kenapa
Pluto tidak disebut planet lagi?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Seiring dengan berkembangnya zaman, ternyata ditemukan
benda langit yang bernama asteroid dimana massa Asteroid itu sendiri jauh lebih
besar ketimbang massa pluto, dan ditemukan pula bahwasanya pluto beredar tidak
pada orbitnya sendir atau dengan kata lain tidak memiliki orbit sendiri,
sehingga pluto disingkirkan dari deretan planet tata surya. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sinar
Matahari apakah hanya di bumi atau sampai ke galaksi-galaksi lain?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hanya
terang di </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tata surya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
tidak sampai ke galaksi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">lain </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">karena
terhalangi oleh materi antar bintang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(awan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>gas dan debu yang disebut
nebula)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Masa
aktif alam ini sampai kapan?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk planet,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jika
ada perubahan secara fisik </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">planet</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
dan adanya benda yang menabrak dan dapat menghancurkan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">planet tersebut</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk bintang, dengan bermodalkan kekuatan sendiri, maka ketika energinya
habis otomatis bintang itu akan menjadi bintang mati. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">RISYA
HIMAYATIKA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( 122 111 155)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kenapa
ekor komet selalu menjauhi Matahari?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketika
komet menghampiri bagian dalam tata surya, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tepatnya
mendekati matahari</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Arus debu dan gas yang dihasilkan
membentuk suatu atmosfer yang besar tetapi sangat tipis disekeliling komet yang
sering disebut coma. Akibat tekanan radiasi matahari dan angin matahari, pada
bagian coma tersebut terbentuk ekor raksasa yang arahnya menjauhi matahari.
Coma dan ekor komet membalikkan cahaya matahari sehingga dapat dilihat dari
bumi jika jarak komet tersebut cukup dekat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Atau untuk memepermudah kita memahaminya seperti gambaran
bayangan suatu benda yang selalu menjauhi cahaya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">FITRI
KHOLILAH<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( 122 111 050)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apakah
Galaksi mengelilingi objek tertentu?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tahun
1929 Edwin Hubble, ketika itu ahli astronomi di observatorium Mount Wilson,
mengemukakan bahwa berbagai galaksi yang telah diamatinya sebenarnya menjauhi
kita, dan menjauhi yang lain,dengan kecepatan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>sampai beberapa kilometer per detik. Rupanya galaksi-galaksi ini seperti
halnya bimasakti kita, menjaga keutuhan bentuk internnya selama waktu yang
panjang. Galaksi-galaksi itu secara sendiri-sendiri mengarungi angkasa raya,
kira-kira sebagian unit atau partikel yang bergerak mengarungi ruang angkasa.
Kesimpulannya galaksi tidak mengelilingi objek tertentu. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kenapa
ada cincin yang melingkari planet saturnus?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cincin
besar yang melingkari planet saturnus tersusun atas butiran-butiran es
meteorit. Komponen cincin tersebut seperti bebatuan silicon dioksida, oksida
besi,partikel sedan batu. Cincin tersebut<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pertama kali dideteksi oleh Galileo Galilei dengan menggunakan
teleskonya pada tahun 1610.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ada<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dua teori yang berisi tentang asal mula
terbentuknya cincin saturnus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pertama,
pendapat yang dikemukakan oleh ilmuwan bernama Eduord Roche pada abad ke-19. Ia
mengatakan bahwa cincin saturnus berasal dari bulan saturnus yang pecah dan
hancur akibat adanya kekuatan pasang surut.kekuatan tersebut muncul disebabkan
karena bulan mengorbit saturnus dalam jarak terlalu dekat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kedua,
cincin saturnus berasal dari bulan saturnus melainkan dari peninggalan nebula
asal pembentuk saturnus .</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Demikian
jawaban kami dari berbagai pertanyaan audiens. Mohon Maaf bila banyak
kesalahan.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> A. Gunawan
Admiranto,<i> menjelajahi tata surya,</i>Yogyakarta:Kanisius,ed.2,2009,hal.1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Stephen W.
Hawking,<i>teori segala sesuatu,</i>Yogyakarta:Pustaka Pelajar,2007,hal.16</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://galaxycluster.blogspot.com/2011/12/pengertian-galaksi-wikipedia.html">http://galaxycluster.blogspot.com/2011/12/pengertian-galaksi-wikipedia.html</a>
diakses tgl 14 Oktober 2012 jam14:30.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://galaxycluster.blogspot.com/2011/12/pengertian-galaksi-wikipedia.html">http://galaxycluster.blogspot.com/2011/12/pengertian-galaksi-wikipedia.html</a>
diakses tgl 14 Oktober 2012 jam14:30.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Nataresmi Abd
Hanan,<i>perjalanan kosmos memahami alam semesta,</i>Surabaya:Selasar Surabaya
Publishing,2009,hal.52</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://blogbintang.com/pengertian-galaksi-bima-sakti">http://blogbintang.com/pengertian-galaksi-bima-sakti</a>
diakses tanggal 14 Oktober jam 14:33</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://haxims.blogspot.com/2010/05/pengertian-galaksi.html">http://haxims.blogspot.com/2010/05/pengertian-galaksi.html</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diaksese tanggal 14 Oktober jam 14:15.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/">http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diakses tanggal 20 Oktober jam 13: 59</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Slamet Hambali,<i>pengantar
ilmu falak,</i>Banyuwangi:Bismillah Publisher,2012, hal.112</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> A. Gunawan
Admiranto,<i> menjelajahi tata surya,</i>Yogyakarta:Kanisius,ed.2,2009,hal.8</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid hal.8-9</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid hal.21</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://www.ombar.net/2010/04/pengertian-satelit-dan-jenis-satelit.html">http://www.ombar.net/2010/04/pengertian-satelit-dan-jenis-satelit.html</a>
diakses tanggal 20 Oktober<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jam 14:07,
baca pula A. Gunawan Admiranto,<i> menjelajahi tata surya,</i>Yogyakarta:Kanisius,ed.2,2009,hal.24-35..</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid hal 24.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid hal 23.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid hal
24,28,35.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn19" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid 25</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn20" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/">http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/</a>
diakses tanggal 20 Oktober 2012 jam 13: 59.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn21" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Encyclopedia sains,juli 2008,penerbit erlangga hal 189</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn22" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Original
from: <a href="http://www.ombar.net/2010/04/pengertian-satelit-dan-jenis-satelit.html">http://www.ombar.net/2010/04/pengertian-satelit-dan-jenis-satelit.html</a>
diaksese tangal 20 Oktober 2012<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jam
14:07.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn23" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn24" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> ibid</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn25" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Encyclopedia sains,juli 2008,penerbit
erlangga hal 189<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn26" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[26]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>ericksabini.wordpress.com/2012/05/03/<b>fungsi-satelit</b>/</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn27" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[27]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Encyclopedia
sains,juli 2008,penerbit erlangga hal 189</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn28" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[28]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/">http://kikidengok.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/pengertian-tata-surya/</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diaksese tanggal 20 Oktober 2012 jam 13: 59.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn29" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[29]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn30" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[30]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Op.cit. Slamet
Hambali,hal.155</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn31" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[31]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn32" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[32]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://duniaastronomi.com/2009/02/materi-antar-bintang/">http://duniaastronomi.com/2009/02/materi-antar-bintang/</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diaksese tanggal 20 Oktober 2012 jam 13:48.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn33" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">[33]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid.</span></div>
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<br />
<h1 align="center" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;">FIQIH HISAB
RUKYAH VERSI MUHAMMADIYAH</span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perjalanan bulan yang berulang-ulang
menjadi data observasi yang sangat berharga dalam terciptanya sebuah
perhitungan maupun teori. Terlebih pada penentuan awal bulan Qamariyah yang
pada aplikasinya merupakan persoalan yang terkait dengan ibadah Umat Islam yang
memerlukan perhitungan yang benar dan akurat. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kenyataan bahwa Umat Islam hingga
saat ini belum memiliki satu kalender hijriah internasional terpadu yang
menyatukan penanggalan hijriah di seluruh dunia. Yang ada adalah kalender
hijriah lokal yang berlaku pada negara, kawasan atau kelompok tertentu dan
tidak berlaku bagi negara, kawasan atau kelompok lain. Akibat paling mencolok
dari keadaan ini adalah bahwa Umat Islam tidak dapat menyatukan jatuhnya
hari-hari besar Islam seperti idul fitri dan idul adha.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Indonesia merupakan negara yang
memiliki sistem hisab paling bervariasi dalam hal penentuan awal bulan
Qamariyah. Hal ini ditandai dengan berbagai macam aliran yang mewarnai
pemikiran ilmu falak yang berkembang. Di antara sebagian aliran yang ada yaitu,
pertama, Aliran Rukyah dalam satu negara (Rukyatul hilal fi wilayatil hukmi).
Aliran ini berpegang pada hasil rukyah yang dilakukan setiap akhir bulan
(tanggal 29), jika berhasil merukyah hari esoknya sudah masuk tanggal satu,
sedangkan jika tidak berhasil maka harus diistikmalkan (disempurnakan 30 hari),
dan hisab hanya sebagai alat bantu dalam melakukan rukyah. Aliran ini dipegang
oleh Nahdlatul Ulama. Kedua, Aliran Hisab Wujudul Hilal, prinsipnya jika
menurut perhitungan (hisab) hilal sudah dinyatakan di atas ufuk, maka hari
esoknya sudah dapat ditetapkan sebagai tanggal satu tanpa harus menunggu hasil
rukyah. Aliran ini yang di pakai oleh Muhammadiyah. Ketiga, Aliran
imkanurrukyah, yakni penentuan awal bulan berdasarkan hisab dengan kriteria
tertentu yang memungkinkan untuk dilakukan rukyah. Aliran inilah yang dipegangi
Pemerintah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Karena itulah dalam makalah ini kami akan sedikit mengupas tentang fiqih
hisab versi Muhammadiyah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">RUMUSAN MASALAH</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sekilas
sejarah Muhammadiyah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753" name="_GoBack"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penyebab
perbedaan antara mahzab Ru’yah dan Hisab</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Metode
penentuan bulan baru yang digunakan Muhammadiyah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Alasan
Muhammadiyyah hanya melakukan hisab tanpa ru’yah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sekilas sejarah Muhammadiyah</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah adalah sebuah organisasi kemasyarakatan
Islam tertua di Indonesia. Menurut Deliar Noer, Muhammadiyah merupakan salah
satu organisasi sosial Islam yang terpenting di Indonesia sebelum Perang Dunia
II dan mungkin juga sampai saat sekarang ini.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>Organisasi
ini didirikan di Yogyakarta pada tanggal 18 November 1912 oleh KH. Ahmad Dahlan
atas saran yang diajukan oleh murid-muridnya dan beberapa orang anggota Budi
Utomo<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
untuk mendirikan suatu lembaga pendidikan yang bersifat permanen.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Namun dalam perjalanan sejarahnya sebagai organisasi
kemasyarakatan, Muhammadiyah tidak hanya menangani masalah pendidikan, tetapi
juga berbagai usaha pelayanan masyarakat seperti kesehatan pemberian hukum
(fatwa), panti asuhan, penyuluhan, dan lain-lain. Ini terbukti dengan
keberadaan Muhammadiyah yang mempunyai banyak majelis dan lembaga serta
organisasi otonomi yang menangani masalah-masalah sosial dan kemasyarakatan.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Salah satu bagian penting dari Muhammadiyah adalah Majlis Tarjih.
Majelis ini didirikan atas dasar keputusan kongres Muhammadiyah di Pekalongan
pada tahun 1927 atas gagasan besar KH. Mas Mansur. Tokoh ini mengusulkan agar
dalam persyarikatan Muhammadiyah ada tiga majelis yakni Majlis Tarjih, Majlis Tanfidz,
dan Majelis Tsftisy. Usulan ini diterima secara aklasi oleh kongres. Untuk
tujuan itu, dibentuklah sebuah tim perumus yang beranggotakan KH. Mas Mansur
dari Surabaya, AR. Sutan Mansur dari maninjau, H. Muchtar dari Yogyakarta, H.A
Mukti dari Kudus, Karto Sudarno dari Jakarta, Muh.Kusni, dan M. Yunus Anis dari
Yogyakarta.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Setahun kemudian, yaitu pada Muktamar Muhammadiyah ke-17 di
Yogyakarta dibentuk sebuah Majelis Tasyri dengan nama Majelis Tarjih. KH.
Mansur sendiri diangkat menjadi ketuanya.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
Dari namanya dapat dilihat bahwa majelis ini didirikan pertama kali untuk
menyelesaikan persoalan-persoalan khilafiah yang pada waktu itu dianggap rawan
oleh Muhammadiyah. Majlis Tarjihlah yang menetapkan pendapat mana yang dianggap
paling kuat, untuk diamalkan Muhammadiyah sehingga istilahnya adalah Majlis
Tarjih. Hanya saja istilah tarjih di sini tidak sepenuhnya sama dengan istilah
tarjih dalam ilmu ushul fiqih. Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya, Majlis Tarjih
tidak sekedar mentarjihkan masalah-masalah khilafiah tetapi juga mengarah pada
penyelesaian persoalan-persoalan baru yang belum pernah dibahas sebelumnya.
Oleh karena itu, tidak mengherankan jika banyak anggota Majlis Tarjih yang
menuntut agar Majlis Tarjih diubah namanya menjadi Majlis Ijtihad. Namun dengan
alasan kesejarahan, sampai saat ini nama Majlis Tarjih masih dipertahankan.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tentang aktivitas-aktivitas persidangan, Majlis Tarjih adakalanya
melakukan sidang bersamaan dengan Muktamar Muhammadiyah dan ada kalanya tidak
bersamaan, dengan pertimbangan yang diambil oleh pimpinan organisasi. Bila
tidak bersamaan dengan muktamar Muhammadiyah, maka ia disebut Muktamar Khususi.
Setelah Muktamar Muhammadiyah Banda Aceh 1995 istilah Muktamar Khususi tidak
dipakai lagi dan diganti dengan Musyawarah Nasional Majlis Tarjih.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Di samping itu, Majlis Tarjih juga menyusun panduan menyangkut
bidang-bidang tertentu atas permintaan Muktamar Muhammadiyah, atau salah satu
majlis yang ada. Buku-buku ini di samping menjelaskan masalah-masalah yang
disusun, juga memutuskan masalah-masalah tersebut berdasarkan hukum islam. Dan
juga membentuk tim pengasuh rubrik tanya jawab agama yang beranggotakan
beberapa orang yang dipandang ahli dalam bidangnya, yakni dari Majlis Tarjih
dengan majalah Suara Muhammadiyah untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang
diajukan masyarakat kepada majalah ini. Keputusan tarjih Muhammadiyah itu
berasal dari berbagai sumber, yakni keputusan Muktamar Tarjih, keputusan Majlis
Tarjih dalam sidang-sidang khususnya dan keputusan tim Majlis Tarjih untuk
menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang diajukan masyarakat.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tokoh-tokoh
ahli ilmu falak Muhammadiyah</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam lingkungan Muhammadiyah, kajian ilmu falak syar’i dipelopori
oleh Ahmad Dahlan (w. 1923). Sepeninggal beliau, para Ulama Muhammadiyah terus
mengembangkan tradisi kefalakan sehingga muncul beberapa ulama yang memiliki keahlian
di bidang ini. Di antaranya adalah K.H. Ahmad Badawi (1902-1969)</span><a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, Sa’doeddin Djambek (1911-1977)</span><a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> yang banyak membawa pembaruan hisab di Indonesia, dan K.H.Wardan
Diponingrat (1911-1991)<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a>
yang mempelopori hisab hakiki yang hingga kini dipakai dalam Muhammadiyah untuk
penentuan bulan Qamariyah. Sesudah mereka ini lahir pula ahli-ahli falak
pelanjut tokoh-tokoh di atas, yaitu H.M. Bidran Hadie (1925-1994)<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a>,
Ir. H.Basith Wahid (1925-2008)<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a>,
dan Drs. H. Abdur Rachim (1935-2004)<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a>.
Sesudah mereka ini lahir pula generasi baru ahli falak Muhammadiyah yang aktif
di Majlis Tarjih PP Muhammadiyah dan murid dari tokoh tersebut terakhir, antara
lain Drs. Oman Fathurohman, SW, M. Ag. (lahir 1957)<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a>,
Prof.Dr.H. Susiknan Azhari, MA (lahir 1968)<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a>,
dan Drs. H. Sriyatin Shodiq<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a>.
Masih banyak ahli falak Muhammadiyah di berbagai daerah yang tidak dapat
disebutkan satu persatu di sini. Dalam perjalanannya, Muhammadiyah telah
berperan aktif dan kreatif dalam mengembangkan ilmu hisab di Indonesia dan
dapat dikatakan sebagai pelopor penggunaan hisab untuk penentuan bulan
Qamariyah yang terkait dengan ibadah. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penyebab perbedaan antara mahzab Ru’yah dan Hisab</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Akar dari lahirnya aliran mahzab dalam penentuan awal bulan
Qomariyah adalah perbedaan pemahaman terhadap hadist-hadist hisab ru’yah<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a>Dimana
menurut penelitian syihabuddin al- Qalyubi, hadist-hadist hisab ru’yah
mengandung sepuluh sepuluh interpretasi yang beragam, diantaranya:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perintah
berpuasa berlaku atas semua orang yang melihat hilal dan tidak berlaku atas
orang yang tidak melihatnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Melihat
di sini melalui mata. Karenanya, ia tidak berlaku atas orang buta.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ru’yah
secara ilmu bernilai mutawattir dan merupakan berita dari orang yang adil</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nash
</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">tersebut mengandung juga makna <i>zhan </i>sehingga mencakup
ramalan dalam nujum (astronomi)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ada
tuntutan puasa secara continyu jikaterhalang pandangan atas hilal manakala
sudah ada kepastian hilal sudah dapat di lihat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ada
kemungkinan hilal sudah wujud sehingga wajib puasa, walau menurut ahli
astronomi belum ada kemungkinan hilal dapat di lhat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perintah
hadist tersebut ditujukan kepada kaum muslimin secara menyeluruh. Namun
pelaksanaan ru’yah tidak diwajibkan kepada seluruhnya bahkan mungkin
perseorangan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hadist
ini mengandung makna berbuka puasa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rukyah
itu berlaku terhadap hilal romadhon dalam kewajiban puasa tidak untuk
iftharnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Yang
menutup pandangan ditentukan hanya oleh endung bukan selainnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berawal dari perbedaan itu lahirlah 2 mahzab besar.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pertama, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mazhab Ru’yah,
menurut mazhab ini penentuan awal dan akhir bulan ramadhan ditetapkan
berdasarkan Rukyah atau melihat bulan pada hari ke 29. Menurut mazhab ini term <i>rukyah
</i>pada hadist-hadist hisab ru’yah adalah bersifat <i>ta’abudi</i>-<i>ghair
ma’qul al-ma’na.</i> Artinya tidap dapat dirasionalkan pengertiannya, juga
tidak dapat diperluas maknannya dengan demikian, rukyah hanya diartikan sebatas
melihat dengan mata kepala.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a>
Mengenai ru’yah <i>bil fi’li </i>dengan menggunakan alat (nadzariyyah), para
ulama juga berbeda pendapat. Ibnu hajar misalnya, tidak mengesahkan penggunaan
cara pemantulan melalui permukaan kaca atau air.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a>
Al-Syarwani lebih jauh menjelaskan bahwa penggunaan alat yang mendekatkan atau
membesarkan seperti teleskop, air, ballur(benda yang berwarna putih seperti kaca)
masih dapat dianggap sebagai rukyah.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a>begiitu
juga Al-Muthi’i memboleh kan alat bantu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kedua, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Madzhab hisab,
penentuan awal dan akhir bulan qomariyyah berdasarkan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>perhitungan falak. Menurut mazhab ini, term <i>rukyah
</i>yang ada dalam hadist-hadist hisan ru’yah dinilai bersifat <i>ta’aqquli—ma’qul
al-ma’na</i>, maksudnya dapat di rasionalkan, diperluas dan di kembangkan.
Sehingga ia dapat diartikan ‘mengetahui’ sekalipunbersifat zhanni-dugaan kuat-
tentang adanya hilal, kendatipun hilal<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>menurut hisab falaki tidak mungkin dapat dilihat.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[24]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.7pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Metode penenntuan awal bulan qomariyyah yang digunakan muhammadiyah</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menurut Muhammadiyah ada empat cara atau metode untuk mengetahui
datang dan berakhirnya bulan Ramadhan, yang sekaligus merupakan sumber
pengetahuan seseorang tentang datang dan berakhirnya bulan Ramadhan. Keempat
cara tersebut adalah: pertama, terlihatnya hilal (rukyah), kedua, kesaksian
orang yang adil, ketiga, menyempurnakan bulan Sya’ban tiga puluh hari
(istikmal) apabila cuaca berawan atau mendung, keempat, hisab. Jika seseorang
melihat langsung hilal atau menerima kesaksian orang yang adil tentang
kesaksian orang yang adil tentang terlihatnya hilal, atau setelah
menyempurnakan umur bulan Sya’ban tiga puluh hari karena tidak dapat melihat
hilal, atau berdasarkan hisab, maka orang tersebut telah dianggap menyaksikan
atau mengetahui masuknya bulan Ramadhan. Dengan terpenuhinya salah satu saja,
apalagi kalau lebih dari satu, dari empat alternatif tersebut maka bulan
Ramadhan dinyatakan telah datang atau berakhir.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Alternatif pertama dan kedua hakekatnya sama yaitu terlihatnya
hilal. Perbedaan keduanya terletak pada langsung atau tidaknya pengetahuan
tentang datangnya bulan Ramadhan itu diperoleh dari sumber pertamanya. Pada
yang pertama pengetahuan itu diperoleh secara langsung dari sumber pertamanya.
Sedangkan pada yang kedua pengetahuan itu tidak langsung dari sumber pertamanya
akan tetapi dari sumber kedua dan seterusnya. Dengan demikian, yang pertama dan
yang kedua hakekatnya sama yaitu bahwa pengetahuan tentang datang dan
berakhirnya bulan Ramadhan diperoleh dengan terlihatnya hilal. Alternatif yang
ketiga sesungguhnya merupakan pengganti atau lebih tepat sebagai jalan keluar
dari alternatif pertama, karena gagal memperoleh pengetahuan tentang datangnya
dan berakhirnya bulan Ramadhan melalui sumber yang pertama. Dari sisi ini ia
termasuk pada jenis sumber yang pertama, akan tetapi substansinya adalah hisab,
karena jelas berupa perhitungan, yaitu menghitung umur bulan yang sedang
berlangsung 30 hari. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Alternatif keempat adalah hisab. Hisab ini sebagai sumber
pengetahuan tentang datang dan berakhirnya bulan Ramadhan, dan bukan merupakan
jalan keluar dari yang sebelumnya melainkan berdiri sendiri. Oleh karena itu,
pada dasarnya cara atau metode untuk mengetahui datang dan berakhirnya bulan
Ramadhan itu ada dua, yaitu pertama terlihatnya hilal (rukyah) dan kedua,
hisab. Keduanya diberlakukan baik untuk bulan Ramadhan maupun bulan-bulan
lainnya dalam tahun Qamariyah.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[25]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rukyah dan hisab sebagai metode untuk mengetahui datang dan
berakhirnya bulan Ramadhan dikukuhkan lagi dengan pernyataan “berpuasa dan
‘idul fitri itu dengan rukyah dan berhalangan dengan hisab”. Pernyataan yang
merupakan hasil keputusan Musyawarah Tarjih tahun 1932 ini menunjukkan bahwa
pada prinsipnya pengetahuan tentang datangnya bulan Ramadhan dan Syawal itu
diperoleh melalui rukyat. Akan tetapi rukyah bukan satu-satunya, sebab bisa
juga melalui hisab. Rukyah dan hisab masing-masing dapat berdiri sendiri
sebagai metode untuk mengetahui datangnya bulan Ramadhan dan Syawal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rukyah artinya melihat hilal pada saat terbenam Matahari, sedangkan
yang dimaksud dengan hisab adalah perhitungan mengenai posisi hilal.
Persoalannya sekarang adalah apa yang dimaksud dengan hilal itu. Secara
astronomis, hilal (crescent) itu adalah penampakkan bulan yang kecil yang
menghadap ke bumi. Keadaan ini dicapai beberapa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>saat setelah ijtimak, karena saat itu sudut pandang Matahari dan Bulan
paling kecil. Bagi Muhammadiyah, debgan demikian, pertanda datangnya bulan baru
atau awal bulan Qamariyah itu adalah wujudnya hilal atau adanya hilal, dan
wujudnya hilal itu dapat diketahui baik melalui rukyah atau hisab, atau melalui
keduanya sekaligus. Kesimpulan ini diperoleh dari pernyataan yang
berbunyi”apabila ahli hisab menetapkan bahwa bulan belum wujud<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>atau sudah wujud tetapi tidak mungkin
dilihat”pernyataan ini juga bahwa yang dimaksud dengan hisab atau perhitungan
posisi hilal itu adalah perhitungan tentang wujudnya hilal. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Adapun yang dimaksud dengan hilal sudah wujud, sebagaimana
dijelaskan di muka, adalah apabila Matahari terbenam lebih dahulu daripada terbenamnya
Bulan. Dengan demikian yang menandai awal bulan itu adalah wujudnya hilal yakni
pada saayt terbenam Matahari setelah terjadi ijtimak hilal belum terbenam.
Keadaan demikian dapat diketahui melalui rukyah maupun hisab. Rukyah dan hilal
merupakan sarana untuk mengetahui wujud atau tidaknya hilal. Sebagai sarana
antukmengetahui wujud atau tidaknya hilal kedudukannya sama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Persoalan berikutnya adalah bagaimana kalau ternyata antara hasil
rukyah dengan hasil hisab tidak bersesuaian? Dimaksud dengan tidak bersesuaian
itu ada dua kemungkinan atau dapat terjadi dalam dua keadaan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pertama</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, menurut hisab
hilal belum wujud, artinya ketika terbenam Matahari bulan berada di ufuk, akan
tetapi ada yang berhasil rukyat. Dalam hal ini, Muhammadiyahmenetapkan bahwa hasil
hisab yang harus dijadikan pedoman.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hal ini dibuktikan misalnya, dengan penolakan Muhammadiyah atas
hasil rukyah yang terjadi pada akhir Ramadhan tahun 1412, 1413. Saat menetapkan
awal bulan Syawal 1412 H/April 1992 M.dan awal bulan Syawal 1413 H/Maret 1993
M. Hisab yang dilakukan oleh Majlis Tarjih Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah
menunjukkan bahwa pada<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>saat terbenam
Matahari hari jum’at tanggal 29 Ramadhan 1412 H/3 April 1992 M. Dan saat
terbenam Matahari Selasa tanggal 29 Ramadhan 1413 H/23 Maret 1993 M. Posisi
bulan negatif di bawah ufuk walaupun ijtimak terjadi beberapa jam sebelum
Matahari terbenam. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Namun pada saat itu ada yang melaporkan telah<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>berhasil rukyah (melihat hilal), maka laporan
tersebut ditolak. Demikian pula yang terjadi pada hari Sabtu tanggal 29
Ramadhan 1414 H/12 Maret 1994 M. Untuk penetapan tanggal 1 Syawal 1414 H.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kedua</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, menurut hisab
hilal sudah wujud, bahkan secara astronomis sudah termasuk mungkin dilihat,
namun ternyata tidak ada orang yang berhasil rukyat, maka wujudnya hilal ditetapkan
berdasarkan hasil hisab.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 188.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -152.7pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kriteria Wujudul Hilal</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ragam kriteria untuk menentukan masuknya bulan baru Qamariyah
semakin berkembang dan masing-masing memperoleh pendukungnya. Para ahli hisab
di tanah air pun terbagi-bagi ke dalam kelompok-kelompok tertentu sesuai dengan
kecenderungan dalam memegangi kriteria awal bulan tersebut, sehingga<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>nyaris menjadi aliran-aliran dalam penentuan
awal bulan Qamariyah. Muhammadiyah memilih wujudul hilal sebagai pedoman penentuan
awal bulan dengan kriteria :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ijtimak
terjadi sebelum terbenam Matahari</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Terbenam
Matahari lebih dulu dari terbenam Bulan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dengan
perkataan lain, pada saat terbenam Matahari setelah terjadi ijtimak bulan sudah
di atas ufuk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berdasarkan kriteria di atas maka langkah yang di tempuh oleh
Muhammadiyah dalam hisabnya adalah:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menghitung
saat terjadinya ijtimak</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menghitung
saat terbenam Matahari untuk suatu atau beberapa tempat tertentu</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menghitung
tinggi hilal pada saat terbenam Matahari ditempat tertentu itu</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perhitungan tinggi hlal ini sebenarnya perhtungan posisi tepi
piringan atas Bulan relatif terhadap ufuk. Demikian,karena yang dipentingkan
adalah apakah Bulan sudah terbenam atau belum pada saat Matahari terbenam,
bukan tinggi hilal itu sendiri.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dengan konsep wujudul hilal tersebut diatas, berarti ukuran yang
dijadikan pembatas terbenam itu adalah ufuk mar’i.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[26]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Alasan muhammadiyah hanya menggunakan hisab tanpa rukyah</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Argumen muhammadiyah dalam berpegang kepada hisab seperti yang
disampaikah prof.dr.syamsul anwar, M.A. berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pertama</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">: semangat
al-Qur’an adalah menggunakan hisab. Hal ini ada dalam ayat “matahari dan bulan
beredar menurut perhitungan” (QS. 55:5) ayat ini bukan sekedar meinformasikan
bahwa matahari dan bulan beredar dengan hukum yang pasti, tetapijuga dorongan
untuk menghitungnya karena banyak kegunaannya. Dalam QS. Yunus(10) ayat 5 di
sebutkan bahwa kegunaannya untuk mengetahui bilangan tahun dan perhitungan
waktu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kedua</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">: jika spirit
al-Qur’an adalah hisab, mengapa rasulullah menggunakan ru’yah? Menurut rasyid
ridha dan mustafa az-zarqa, perintah melakukan ru’yah adalah perintah berillat
(beralasan) illatnya adalah karena ummat nabi saw adalah ummat yang ummi, tidak
kenal baca dan tulis dan tidak memungkinkan melakukan hisab. Ini di tegaskan
rasulullah SAWdalam hadist riwayat al-Bukhari dan Muslim, “sesungguhnya kami
adlah ummat yang ummi; kami tidak bisa menulis dan tidak bisa melakukan hisab.
Bulan itu adalah demikian-demikian. Yakni kadang-kadang dua puluh sembilan dan
kadang-kadang tiga puluh hari.” Dalam kaidah fiqhiya dalam kaidah fiqhiyyah, jika
illat tidak ada , maka perintah (unruk ru’yah) tidak berlaku lagi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ketiga</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">: rukyah tidak
bisa menyatuka awal bulan islam secara global. Sebaliknya, rukyah memaksa umat
islam berbeda memulai awal bulan-bulan ibadah. Hal ini karna rukyah pada
vasibilitas pertama tidak meng-cover seluruh muka bumi. Pada hari yang sama ada
permukaan bumi yang tidak dapat merukyat. Kawasan tidak normal, dimana tidak
melihat hilal untuk beberapa waktu lamanya atau terlambat dapat melihatnya,
yaitu ketika bulantelah besar. Apalagi kawasan lingkaran artik dan lingkaran
antartika yang siang malam pada musim dingin melebihi 24 jam.<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[27]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kesimpulan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dari berbagai keterangan di atas kita bisa mengambil kesimpulan
bahwa:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Permasalahan
perbedaan penentuan awal bulan qomariyyah antara sesama muslim adalah
dikarenakan perbedaan mereka dalam memahami hadist-hadist hisab ru’yah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Baik
mahzab ru’yah maupuun hisab memiliki alasan mereka sendiri-sendiri dalam
mempertahannya pendapat mereka. jadi, alangkah baiknya kita jangan membuat
semuanya jadi sulit dengan saling ejek atau menuduh salah karna meskipun salah
dalam berijtihad tetap mendapatkan 1 pahala.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penutup</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kami beharap akan ada diskusi
menarik tentang masalah yang kami bahas ini sehingga kita bisa tahu lebih
banyak dari sebelumnya. Terima kasih atas perhatiannya dan kami mohon maaf atas
segala kekurangan yang and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> temui di
makalah kami. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Semoga bermanfaat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Daftar Pustaka</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">al-Syarwani, Abdul hamid, <i>Hasyiyah al-Syarwani</i>, jilid III,
kairo: beirut, t.t</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Izzuddin, Ahmad, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Fiqih Hisab
Rukyah,</i> Jakarta : Erlangga , 2007.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">D.Q. Muchtar, <i>Sejarah Majlis Tarjih</i>, Jakarta : PP
Muhammadiyah, 1985.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Noer, Deliar, <i>Gerakan Modern Islam di Indonesi</i>, Jakarta :
LP3ES, 1980.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mukhlas, Imam, <i>Filsafat Rukyah dan Hisab,</i> surabaya : Bina
Ilmu, 1995.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nur, Muhaimin, <i>Pedoman Perhitungan Awal Qomariyah, </i>Jakarta:
proyek pembinaan administrasi hukum dan peradilan agama, 1983</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">http//:kalsel.muhammadiyah.or.id/artikel-mengapa-muhammadiyah-memakai-sistem-hisab-dalam-penetapan-awal-bulan-qomariyah-detail-268.html</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">al-Haitami, Syihabbudin ahmad hajar, <i>tuhfat al muhtaj</i>, jilid
III, Kairo: beirut, t.t</span></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Deliar Noer, Gerakan Modern Islam di
Indonesia 1900-1942, Jakarta: LP3ES, 1980, hlm. 84.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Budi Utomo didirikan di Jakarta pada tanggal
20 Mei 1908 oleh Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo dan beberapa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Orang pelajar sekalah dokter.</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Deliar Noer, loc.cit.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ahmad Izzuddin, fiqih hisab rukyah, erlangga
Jakarta 2007 hlm.112.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ibid, hlm 112</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">D.Q. Muchtar, “Sejarah Majlis Tarjih”, dalam Beberapa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aspek <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pedoman<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Bertarjih, Jakarta: PP Muhammadiyah, 1985, hlm. 11-12</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ahmad Izzuddin, op.cit, hal.113.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ibid, hlm.115</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ibid, hlm .115-116.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jabatan terakhir di Muhammadiyah adalah
sebagai Ketua pimpinan pusat Muhammadiyah periode 1962- </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1965 dan 1965-1968,
serta sebagai penasehat PP Muhammadiyah 1969-1971, namun beliau telah wafat</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1969 sebelum masa
jabatannya sebagai PP Muhammadiyah berakhir,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>dan dari tangannya lahir beberapa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Karya menyangkut hisab
antara lain hisab haqiqi, dan gerhana Bulan</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jabatan dalam Muhammadiyah yang pernah di
duduki antara lain Dekan FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jakarta 1959-1962,Rektor
IKIP Muhammadiyah 1969-1074,dan Ketua Majlis Pendidikan dan Pengajaran di </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di Jakarta 1969-1973,
menulis beberapa tentang karya ilmu Falakantara lain hisab awal Bulan Qamariyah</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1976)</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jabatan terakhir dalam Muhammadiyah adalah
sebagai ketua majelis tarjih yang diduduki selama enam kali </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Masa jabatan dari tahun
1963 hingga 1985, meninggal 1991. Dari tangan beliau lahir beberapa karya </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tentang ilmu falak
antara lain Persoalan Hisab dan Rukyah dalam Menentukan Permulaan Bulan, Hisab
Urfi </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dan Hakiki dan beberapa
lainnya.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Jabatan dalam
kaitan dengan hisab yang diduduki adalah anggota bagian hisab PP Muhammadiyah,
dan </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anggota bagian Hisab
dan Rukyah Departemen Agama mewakili Muhammadiyah.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jabatan dalam Muhammadiyah antara lain Ketua
Bagian Hisab PP Muhammadiyah dan Wakil </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Muhammadiyah pada
Bagian Hisab dan Rukyah Departemen Agama. Beliau banyak menulis artikel terkait
</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Masalah Hisab dan falak
antara lain “Memahami Hisab sebagai Alternatif Rukyah” penentuan Awal Bulan </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hijriah”.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ahli Tafsir dan Falak, jabatan terakhir
adalah anggota Majlis Tarjih PP Muhammadiyah, dan Wakil Ketua<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Badan Hisab dan Rukyah
Departemen Agama, beberapa kali menghadiri konferensi Internasional </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tentang Hisab dan banyak
menulis tentang ilmu falak antara lain Buku Ilmu Falak (1983 dan 2004).</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jabatan terakhir dalam Muhammadiyah adalah
Wakil Ketua Majlis Tarjih dan Tajdid PP Muhammadiyah</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(2005-2010), banyak
terlibat dalam kegiatan Hisab dan Rukyah seperti memberikan pelatihan dan
menjadi </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Narasumber seminar
hisab, menulis beberapa karya antara lain “Pendekatan terpadu dalam Ijtihad
Majlis</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tarjih Muhammadiyah :
Masalah Penetapan Bulan Qamariyah”.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jabatan terakhir<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dalam Muhammadiyah adalah Wakil Sekretaris
Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid PP </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Muhammadiyah
(2005-2010), dan sekaligus Ketua Divisi hisab Majlis Tarjih dan Tajdid, banyak
menulis </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Terkait hisab dan falak
antara lain buku Hisab dan Rukyah Membangun Wacana Kebersamaan di Tengah </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perbedaan (2007) dan
Ensiklopedi Hisab Rukyah (2005 dan 2008).</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jabatan terakhir dalam Muhammadiyah adalah
anggota Divisi Hisab Majlis Tarjih dan Tajdid PP </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Muhammadiyah (2005-2010), banyak terlibat dalam kegiatan hisab dan
rukyah seperti memberikan </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pelatihan dan menjadi
narasumber seminar hisab serta banyak membuat softwarehisab-rukyat </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Termasuk untuk majelis
Tarjih dan Tajdid.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn19" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Di
antaranyayaitu hadist riwayat Abu Daud dan Aisyah R.A. :” Nabi sangat
memerhatikan (akhir) bulan Sya’ban melebihi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(hilal) Ramadhan. Apabila hilal terhalang awan, beliau menghitung
bilangan bulan menjadi 30 hari. Selanjutnya Ia berpuasa.” Lihat Abu Husein
Muslim bin Al-Hajjaj, shahih muslim, kairo: dar al-fikr,t.t, hlm .481</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn20" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Muhaimin Nur, <i>pedoman
perhitungan awal bulan qomariyah, </i>jakarta: proyek pembinaan administrasi
hukum dan peradilan agama, 1983, hlm.7 dan juga imam Mukhlas, <i>filsafat
rukyah dan hisab, </i>dalam ‘menuju kesatuan hari raya’, surabaya: Bina Ilmu,
1995, hlm.29</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn21" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ahmad
izzuddin, fiqh hisab ru’yah, jakarta: erlangga, hlm.4</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn22" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Syihabbudin
ahmad hajar al-haitami, <i>tuhfat al muhtaj</i>, jilid III, kairo: beirut, t.t,
hlm 382</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn23" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Abdul hamid
al-syarwani, <i>hasyiyah al-syarwani</i>, jilid III, kairo: beirut, t.t, hlm
332</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn24" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Ahmad
izzuddin, op.cit, hlm.4</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn25" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Disampaikan dalam Seminar Nasional Penentuan
Awal Bulan Qamariyah di Indonesia:</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Merajut Ukhuwah di Tengah
Perbedaan yang diselenggarakan oleh Majlis Tarjih dan Tajdid Pimpinan Pusat </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Muhammadiyah pada tanggal
29 Dzulqa’dah -2 Dzulhijjah1429 H/ 27-30 Oktober 2008 di Universitas<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta,
JL.Lingkar Barat Taman Tirto Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta</span>.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn26" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[26]</span></span></span></span></a></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn27" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8260267593076501753#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[27]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Situs resmi muhammadiyyah
http//:kalsel.muhammadiyah.or.id/artikel-mengapa-muhammadiyah-memakai-sistem-hisab-dalam-penetapan-awal-bulan-qomariyah-detail-268.html/
dikutip pada tgl 2/11/2012</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada pukul 06.58</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15933882782283422136noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8260267593076501753.post-78667193327833214412013-03-02T05:51:00.003+07:002013-04-09T00:36:40.110+07:00video slide kenangan kitaBUAT TEMAN-TEMANKU<br />
kita banyak meninggalkan kenangan bersama. semua kita lalui bersama baik kenangan yang pahit ataupun kenangan yang manis. 3 tahun lamanya kita bersama namun hal itu terasa sebentar. rasa tak ingin berpisah itu ada namun perpisan memang tidak bisa kita pungkiri. kita bertemu kemudian berpisah itu memang sudah menjadi sunnahNYA. dan disini saya punya sedikit kenangan tentang kebersamaan kita dulu. video ini saya upload karna saya takut suatu hari nanti file yang teman-teman miliki rusak atau hilang, jika suatu waktu ingin melihat teman-teman lamanya masih bisa dilihat.jika kalian butuh silahkan download <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90y6g7uR7og" target="_blank">DISINI</a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15933882782283422136noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8260267593076501753.post-70783626706057070862013-03-02T02:01:00.002+07:002013-03-02T02:01:18.365+07:00KH.Hasan sepuh<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHgfDMw8ggHfQhP9hcgJuS3CKSD2RmvzDXePi1gAhn3NkXusVbF_4e6f0El8XIq0q2v7-bjUlaMZTfoSHUK81Bo0LgW7Hs2SBUgLgGT_ly30Ry8wct1tMcGRPIXraxHKAmDQo5C2wFVVY/s1600/320617_440235176036117_350482531_n.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> Beliau KH.Moch, Hasan sepuh merupakan pengasuh kedua pondok pesantren zainul hasan genggong,pajarakan , probolinggo</td></tr>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15933882782283422136noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8260267593076501753.post-88696394456876227182012-12-18T11:28:00.000+07:002012-12-18T11:28:19.355+07:00Desa sumber petung merupakan desa yang terletak di dekat gunung lamongan. desa ini masuk kecamatan Ranu yoso kabupaten Lumajang provinsi jawa timur. Penduduk di desa ini rata-rata adalah petani dan pedagang. <span id=".reactRoot[7].[1][2][1]{comment497863356920766_5901924}.0.[1].0.[1].0.[0].[0][1]"> </span><br />
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<tr><td align="center" bgcolor="#009500" width="5%"><span class="link"><b>No</b></span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#009500" width="15%"><span class="link"><b>Desa/Kelurahan</b></span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#009500" width="20%"><span class="link"><b>Nama Kepala Desa/Kelurahan</b></span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#009500" width="25%"><span class="link"><b>Masa Kerja</b></span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#009500" width="10%"><span class="link"><b>Luas Desa<br />(Km<sup>2</sup>)</b></span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#009500" width="10%"><span class="link"><b>Jumlah Penduduk<br />(jiwa)</b></span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#009500" width="15%"><span class="link"><b>Dusun/RW/RT</b></span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="5%"><span class="link">1</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">Jenggrong</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="20%"><span class="link">Suwarno</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="25%"><span class="link">01-12-2006 s/d 01-12-2012</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">19,30</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">6.008</span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">0 / 0 / 0</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="5%"><span class="link">2</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">Meninjo</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="20%"><span class="link">Slamet Rifandi</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="25%"><span class="link">01-12-2006 s/d 01-12-2012</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">5,44</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">2.181</span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">0 / 0 / 0</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="5%"><span class="link">3</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">Tegalbangsri</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="20%"><span class="link">Nerat</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="25%"><span class="link">01-12-2006 s/d 01-12-2012</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">2,74</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">2.017</span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">0 / 0 / 0</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="5%"><span class="link">4</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">Sumberpetung</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="20%"><span class="link">Muchamad, S.Pd</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="25%"><span class="link">01-12-2006 s/d 01-12-2012</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">8,46</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">3.727</span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">0 / 0 / 0</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="5%"><span class="link">5</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">Alun-alun</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="20%"><span class="link">Yasin Efendi</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="25%"><span class="link">30-03-2007 s/d 30-03-2013</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">11,35</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">3.219</span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">0 / 0 / 0</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="5%"><span class="link">6</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">Ranu Bedali</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="20%"><span class="link">Evi Hermawan</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="25%"><span class="link">01-12-2006 s/d 01-12-2012</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">13,51</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">7.233</span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">0 / 0 / 0</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="5%"><span class="link">7</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">Ranuyoso</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="20%"><span class="link">Bambang Hermanto, ST</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="25%"><span class="link">01-12-2006 s/d 01-12-2012</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">8,07</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">6.225</span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">0 / 0 / 0</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="5%"><span class="link">8</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">Wonoayu</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="20%"><span class="link">Harioto</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="25%"><span class="link">01-12-2006 s/d 01-12-2012</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">5,99</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">3.403</span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">0 / 0 / 0</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="5%"><span class="link">9</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">Penawungan</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="20%"><span class="link">Gilap</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="25%"><span class="link">30-03-2007 s/d 30-03-2013</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">10,51</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">3.605</span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">0 / 0 / 0</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="5%"><span class="link">10</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">Wates Kulon</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="20%"><span class="link">Khosnan</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="25%"><span class="link">20-12-2006 s/d 20-12-2012</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">6,97</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">4.126</span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">0 / 0 / 0</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="5%"><span class="link">11</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">Wates Wetan</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="20%"><span class="link">Suriyat</span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="25%"><span class="link">20-12-2006 s/d 20-12-2012</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">6,08</span></td><td align="right" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="10%"><span class="link">4.575</span></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#e4f1be" width="15%"><span class="link">0 / 0 / 0</span></td></tr>
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tabel diatas saya copas dari internet.<br />
desa sumberpetung berdampingan dengan desa papringan dari arah selatan,arah barat jatian, arah utara ranubedali, arah timur gunung lamongan yang bagian timurnya masuk kabupaten probolinngo. <br />
<span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" id=".reactRoot[7].[1][2][1]{comment497863356920766_5901924}.0.[1].0.[1].0.[0].[0][2]"><span class="UFICommentBody" id=".reactRoot[7].[1][2][1]{comment497863356920766_5901924}.0.[1].0.[1].0.[0].[0][2].0"></span></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15933882782283422136noreply@blogger.com0